Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements
During this study, the resistivity of electrically conductive structures 3D-printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) was investigated. Electrical resistivity characterisation was performed on various structural levels of the whole 3D-printed body, starting from the single traxel (3D-printed sing...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/14/2988 |
| _version_ | 1797587735071948800 |
|---|---|
| author | Stanislav Stankevich Jevgenijs Sevcenko Olga Bulderberga Aleksandrs Dutovs Donat Erts Maksims Piskunovs Valerijs Ivanovs Victor Ivanov Andrey Aniskevich |
| author_facet | Stanislav Stankevich Jevgenijs Sevcenko Olga Bulderberga Aleksandrs Dutovs Donat Erts Maksims Piskunovs Valerijs Ivanovs Victor Ivanov Andrey Aniskevich |
| author_sort | Stanislav Stankevich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During this study, the resistivity of electrically conductive structures 3D-printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) was investigated. Electrical resistivity characterisation was performed on various structural levels of the whole 3D-printed body, starting from the single traxel (3D-printed single track element), continuing with monolayer and multilayer formation, finalising with hybrid structures of a basic nonconductive polymer and an electrically conductive one. Two commercial conductive materials were studied: Proto-Pasta and Koltron G1. It was determined that the geometry and resistivity of a single traxel influenced the resistivity of all subsequent structural elements of the printed body and affected its electrical anisotropy. In addition, the results showed that thermal postprocessing (annealing) affected the resistivity of a standalone extruded fibre (extruded filament through a printer nozzle in freefall) and traxel. The effect of Joule heating and piezoresistive properties of hybrid structures with imprinted conductive elements made from Koltron G1 were investigated. Results revealed good thermal stability within 70 °C and considerable piezoresistive response with a gauge factor of 15–25 at both low 0.1% and medium 1.5% elongations, indicating the potential of such structures for use as a heat element and strain gauge sensor in applications involving stiff materials and low elongations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8de2ea7086494f4cb825373eb7380c65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:43:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-8de2ea7086494f4cb825373eb7380c652023-11-18T21:01:44ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-07-011514298810.3390/polym15142988Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer ElementsStanislav Stankevich0Jevgenijs Sevcenko1Olga Bulderberga2Aleksandrs Dutovs3Donat Erts4Maksims Piskunovs5Valerijs Ivanovs6Victor Ivanov7Andrey Aniskevich8Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaInstitute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaInstitute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 1, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 1, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaZRF Ritec SIA, Gustava Zemgala St. 71A, LV-1039 Riga, LatviaZRF Ritec SIA, Gustava Zemgala St. 71A, LV-1039 Riga, LatviaZRF Ritec SIA, Gustava Zemgala St. 71A, LV-1039 Riga, LatviaInstitute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, LatviaDuring this study, the resistivity of electrically conductive structures 3D-printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) was investigated. Electrical resistivity characterisation was performed on various structural levels of the whole 3D-printed body, starting from the single traxel (3D-printed single track element), continuing with monolayer and multilayer formation, finalising with hybrid structures of a basic nonconductive polymer and an electrically conductive one. Two commercial conductive materials were studied: Proto-Pasta and Koltron G1. It was determined that the geometry and resistivity of a single traxel influenced the resistivity of all subsequent structural elements of the printed body and affected its electrical anisotropy. In addition, the results showed that thermal postprocessing (annealing) affected the resistivity of a standalone extruded fibre (extruded filament through a printer nozzle in freefall) and traxel. The effect of Joule heating and piezoresistive properties of hybrid structures with imprinted conductive elements made from Koltron G1 were investigated. Results revealed good thermal stability within 70 °C and considerable piezoresistive response with a gauge factor of 15–25 at both low 0.1% and medium 1.5% elongations, indicating the potential of such structures for use as a heat element and strain gauge sensor in applications involving stiff materials and low elongations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/14/2988fused filament fabricationelectrical resistivitystructural levelstraxelmonolayeranisotropy |
| spellingShingle | Stanislav Stankevich Jevgenijs Sevcenko Olga Bulderberga Aleksandrs Dutovs Donat Erts Maksims Piskunovs Valerijs Ivanovs Victor Ivanov Andrey Aniskevich Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements Polymers fused filament fabrication electrical resistivity structural levels traxel monolayer anisotropy |
| title | Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements |
| title_full | Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements |
| title_fullStr | Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements |
| title_short | Electrical Resistivity of 3D-Printed Polymer Elements |
| title_sort | electrical resistivity of 3d printed polymer elements |
| topic | fused filament fabrication electrical resistivity structural levels traxel monolayer anisotropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/14/2988 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stanislavstankevich electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT jevgenijssevcenko electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT olgabulderberga electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT aleksandrsdutovs electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT donaterts electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT maksimspiskunovs electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT valerijsivanovs electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT victorivanov electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements AT andreyaniskevich electricalresistivityof3dprintedpolymerelements |