Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i>
Lychee (<i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.) is a famous fruit species of tropical and subtropical regions of the world and many biotic and abiotic stresses affect its yield. In this study, lychee fruit rot has been observed and its incidence has been controlled by using zinc oxide nanoparticl...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1461 |
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| author | Junaid Ahmed Musrat Ali Huda M. Sheikh Manal O. Al-Kattan Farhana Urooj Haroon Masoumeh Safaeishakib Mahnoor Akbar Asif Kamal Mohammad Sameer Zubair Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis |
| author_facet | Junaid Ahmed Musrat Ali Huda M. Sheikh Manal O. Al-Kattan Farhana Urooj Haroon Masoumeh Safaeishakib Mahnoor Akbar Asif Kamal Mohammad Sameer Zubair Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis |
| author_sort | Junaid Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lychee (<i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.) is a famous fruit species of tropical and subtropical regions of the world and many biotic and abiotic stresses affect its yield. In this study, lychee fruit rot has been observed and its incidence has been controlled by using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Diseased lychee fruits were collected and diagnosed to identify disease-causing pathogens. Morphological appearance, microscopic observation, and sequence analysis of the amplified ITS region identified this isolated pathogen as <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. To control this problem, ZnO NPs were prepared in the leaf extract of <i>Azadirachta indica</i>. Before their antifungal activity, ZnO NPs were characterized using sophisticated approaches. FTIR revealed the presence of reducing and stabilizing molecules on ZnO NPs including alcohol, carboxylic acid, alkyl halide, amine, and alkyl halide. Crystalline nature and average size (29.024 nm) of synthesized ZnO NPs were described by X-ray diffraction. EDX analysis depicted the mass percentage of zinc (30.15%) and oxygen (14.90%). SEM analysis displayed the irregular shape of nanoparticles and confirmed the nano-size of ZnO NPs. Maximum mycelial growth inhibition (70.5%) was observed at 1.0 mg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs in vitro. In in-vivo disease-control analysis, maximum control of lychee fruit rot disease was observed at the same concentration. These results reveal the potential use of these ZnO NPs on a larger scale to replace hazardous chemical fungicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:08:00Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:08:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8de422a6cf8a46f0a648a29d62dabdd32023-11-23T17:49:55ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-09-01139146110.3390/mi13091461Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i>Junaid Ahmed0Musrat Ali1Huda M. Sheikh2Manal O. Al-Kattan3Farhana4Urooj Haroon5Masoumeh Safaeishakib6Mahnoor Akbar7Asif Kamal8Mohammad Sameer Zubair9Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis10Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, IranDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanLychee (<i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.) is a famous fruit species of tropical and subtropical regions of the world and many biotic and abiotic stresses affect its yield. In this study, lychee fruit rot has been observed and its incidence has been controlled by using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Diseased lychee fruits were collected and diagnosed to identify disease-causing pathogens. Morphological appearance, microscopic observation, and sequence analysis of the amplified ITS region identified this isolated pathogen as <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. To control this problem, ZnO NPs were prepared in the leaf extract of <i>Azadirachta indica</i>. Before their antifungal activity, ZnO NPs were characterized using sophisticated approaches. FTIR revealed the presence of reducing and stabilizing molecules on ZnO NPs including alcohol, carboxylic acid, alkyl halide, amine, and alkyl halide. Crystalline nature and average size (29.024 nm) of synthesized ZnO NPs were described by X-ray diffraction. EDX analysis depicted the mass percentage of zinc (30.15%) and oxygen (14.90%). SEM analysis displayed the irregular shape of nanoparticles and confirmed the nano-size of ZnO NPs. Maximum mycelial growth inhibition (70.5%) was observed at 1.0 mg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs in vitro. In in-vivo disease-control analysis, maximum control of lychee fruit rot disease was observed at the same concentration. These results reveal the potential use of these ZnO NPs on a larger scale to replace hazardous chemical fungicides.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1461fruit rotlycheeZnO NPs<i>Azadirachta indica</i><i>Aspergillus niger</i> |
| spellingShingle | Junaid Ahmed Musrat Ali Huda M. Sheikh Manal O. Al-Kattan Farhana Urooj Haroon Masoumeh Safaeishakib Mahnoor Akbar Asif Kamal Mohammad Sameer Zubair Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Micromachines fruit rot lychee ZnO NPs <i>Azadirachta indica</i> <i>Aspergillus niger</i> |
| title | Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> |
| title_full | Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> |
| title_short | Biocontrol of Fruit Rot of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> |
| title_sort | biocontrol of fruit rot of i litchi chinensis i using zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized in i azadirachta indica i |
| topic | fruit rot lychee ZnO NPs <i>Azadirachta indica</i> <i>Aspergillus niger</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1461 |
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