The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective
The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102/full |
| _version_ | 1797663283524665344 |
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| author | Yifeng Fu Yifeng Fu Jin Lyu Shuangshuang Wang |
| author_facet | Yifeng Fu Yifeng Fu Jin Lyu Shuangshuang Wang |
| author_sort | Yifeng Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signaling molecules, triggering the immune system in the gut mucosa and controlling inflammation. For example, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids can release inflammatory-mediated signals by binding to specific receptors. These metabolites indirectly affect host health and intestinal immunity by interacting with the intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. Moreover, Tryptophan-derived metabolites also play a role in governing the immune response by binding to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) located on the intestinal mucosa, enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier. Dietary-derived indoles, which are synthetic precursors of AHR ligands, work together with SCFA and secondary bile acids to reduce stress on the intestinal epithelium and regulate inflammation. This review highlights the interaction between gut microbial metabolites and the intestinal immune system, as well as the crosstalk of dietary fiber intake in improving the host microbial metabolism and its beneficial effects on the organism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:12:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8df5ed4d699e4636a9af50dbd6fdc3f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:12:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8df5ed4d699e4636a9af50dbd6fdc3f52023-10-09T11:11:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-10-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12771021277102The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspectiveYifeng Fu0Yifeng Fu1Jin Lyu2Shuangshuang Wang3Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, ChinaThe gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signaling molecules, triggering the immune system in the gut mucosa and controlling inflammation. For example, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids can release inflammatory-mediated signals by binding to specific receptors. These metabolites indirectly affect host health and intestinal immunity by interacting with the intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. Moreover, Tryptophan-derived metabolites also play a role in governing the immune response by binding to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) located on the intestinal mucosa, enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier. Dietary-derived indoles, which are synthetic precursors of AHR ligands, work together with SCFA and secondary bile acids to reduce stress on the intestinal epithelium and regulate inflammation. This review highlights the interaction between gut microbial metabolites and the intestinal immune system, as well as the crosstalk of dietary fiber intake in improving the host microbial metabolism and its beneficial effects on the organism.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102/fullintestinal microorganismsshort-chain fatty acidstryptophanAHRdietary fibre |
| spellingShingle | Yifeng Fu Yifeng Fu Jin Lyu Shuangshuang Wang The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective Frontiers in Immunology intestinal microorganisms short-chain fatty acids tryptophan AHR dietary fibre |
| title | The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| title_full | The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| title_fullStr | The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| title_short | The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| title_sort | role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective |
| topic | intestinal microorganisms short-chain fatty acids tryptophan AHR dietary fibre |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102/full |
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