Thermalization by a synthetic horizon

Synthetic horizons in models for quantum matter provide an alternative route to explore fundamental questions of modern gravitational theory. Here we apply these concepts to the problem of emergence of thermal quantum states in the presence of a horizon, by studying ground-state thermalization due t...

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Main Authors: Lotte Mertens, Ali G. Moghaddam, Dmitry Chernyavsky, Corentin Morice, Jeroen van den Brink, Jasper van Wezel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2022-11-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.043084
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author Lotte Mertens
Ali G. Moghaddam
Dmitry Chernyavsky
Corentin Morice
Jeroen van den Brink
Jasper van Wezel
author_facet Lotte Mertens
Ali G. Moghaddam
Dmitry Chernyavsky
Corentin Morice
Jeroen van den Brink
Jasper van Wezel
author_sort Lotte Mertens
collection DOAJ
description Synthetic horizons in models for quantum matter provide an alternative route to explore fundamental questions of modern gravitational theory. Here we apply these concepts to the problem of emergence of thermal quantum states in the presence of a horizon, by studying ground-state thermalization due to instantaneous horizon creation in a gravitational setting and its condensed matter analog. By a sudden quench to position-dependent hopping amplitudes in a one-dimensional lattice model, we establish the emergence of a thermal state accompanying the formation of a synthetic horizon. The resulting temperature for long chains is shown to be identical to the corresponding Unruh temperature, provided that the postquench Hamiltonian matches the entanglement Hamiltonian of the prequench system. Based on detailed analysis of the outgoing radiation we formulate the conditions required for the synthetic horizon to behave as a purely thermal source, paving a way to explore this interplay of quantum-mechanical and gravitational aspects experimentally.
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spelling doaj.art-8dffd4b42286402db4da76fe630ab54b2024-04-12T17:25:57ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642022-11-014404308410.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.043084Thermalization by a synthetic horizonLotte MertensAli G. MoghaddamDmitry ChernyavskyCorentin MoriceJeroen van den BrinkJasper van WezelSynthetic horizons in models for quantum matter provide an alternative route to explore fundamental questions of modern gravitational theory. Here we apply these concepts to the problem of emergence of thermal quantum states in the presence of a horizon, by studying ground-state thermalization due to instantaneous horizon creation in a gravitational setting and its condensed matter analog. By a sudden quench to position-dependent hopping amplitudes in a one-dimensional lattice model, we establish the emergence of a thermal state accompanying the formation of a synthetic horizon. The resulting temperature for long chains is shown to be identical to the corresponding Unruh temperature, provided that the postquench Hamiltonian matches the entanglement Hamiltonian of the prequench system. Based on detailed analysis of the outgoing radiation we formulate the conditions required for the synthetic horizon to behave as a purely thermal source, paving a way to explore this interplay of quantum-mechanical and gravitational aspects experimentally.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.043084
spellingShingle Lotte Mertens
Ali G. Moghaddam
Dmitry Chernyavsky
Corentin Morice
Jeroen van den Brink
Jasper van Wezel
Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
Physical Review Research
title Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
title_full Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
title_fullStr Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
title_full_unstemmed Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
title_short Thermalization by a synthetic horizon
title_sort thermalization by a synthetic horizon
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.043084
work_keys_str_mv AT lottemertens thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon
AT aligmoghaddam thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon
AT dmitrychernyavsky thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon
AT corentinmorice thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon
AT jeroenvandenbrink thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon
AT jaspervanwezel thermalizationbyasynthetichorizon