| Summary: | To improve the navigation accuracy for land vehicles during global positioning system (GPS) outages, a machine learning (ML) aided methodology to integrate a strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) and GPS system is proposed, as follows. When a GPS signal is available, an online sequential extreme learning machine with a dynamic forgetting factor (DOS-ELM) algorithm is used to train the mapping model between the SINS’ acceleration, specific force, speed/position increments outputs, and the GPS’ speed/position increments. When a GPS signal is unavailable, GPS speed/velocity measurements are replaced with prediction output of the well-trained DOS-ELM module’s prediction output, and information fusion with the SINS reduces the degree of system error divergence. A land vehicle field experiment’s actual sensor data were collected online, and the DOS-ELM-aided methodology for the SINS/GPS integrated navigation systems was applied. The simulation results indicate that the proposed methodology can reduce the degree of system error divergence and then obtain accurate and reliable navigation information during GPS outages.
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