Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc
<i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Hasan Mumivand Parisa Khanizadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Edyta Sierka Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska Tomasz Horaczek Hazem M. Kalaji |
| author_facet | Hasan Mumivand Parisa Khanizadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Edyta Sierka Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska Tomasz Horaczek Hazem M. Kalaji |
| author_sort | Hasan Mumivand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the effects of the foliar application of zinc and boron on the growth, yield, seed production and phytochemical properties of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment with three replicates in two consecutive years based on a randomized complete block design. The foliar application of boron (B) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.4% and 0.8% as H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) and zinc (Zn) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.3% and 0.6% as ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) was carried out. Our results showed that the foliar application of B resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of plants, the dry weight of stems, drug yield, seed yield, seed germination and 1000-seed weight. At the same time, the application of B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness. The fresh and dry weights of plants, drug yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were also significantly improved by Zn foliar spraying compared to the control. Application of 0.8% B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness by 14.16% and 22.37%, as compared to the control. The foliar spraying of B and Zn improved the total phenolic content, the essential oil content and the yield and antioxidant activity of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>. Moreover, B application generally concentrated more carvacrol in the essential oil (in the first experimental year). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between Zn treatments in carvacrol content and total flavonoids. The use of several microelements, such as B and Zn, could improve both the quantity and quality of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>. Additionally, improvement of seed set and seed quality by the foliar spraying of Zn and B may be useful for growing plants in arid and semi-arid areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:52Z |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8e3621a9cb524fa38de478f800f85bee2023-11-23T01:06:17ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-11-011011246910.3390/plants10112469Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and ZincHasan Mumivand0Parisa Khanizadeh1Mohammad Reza Morshedloo2Edyta Sierka3Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska4Tomasz Horaczek5Hazem M. Kalaji6Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, IranFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska, 40-032 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandInstitute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, PolandInstitute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland<i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the effects of the foliar application of zinc and boron on the growth, yield, seed production and phytochemical properties of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment with three replicates in two consecutive years based on a randomized complete block design. The foliar application of boron (B) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.4% and 0.8% as H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) and zinc (Zn) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.3% and 0.6% as ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) was carried out. Our results showed that the foliar application of B resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of plants, the dry weight of stems, drug yield, seed yield, seed germination and 1000-seed weight. At the same time, the application of B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness. The fresh and dry weights of plants, drug yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were also significantly improved by Zn foliar spraying compared to the control. Application of 0.8% B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness by 14.16% and 22.37%, as compared to the control. The foliar spraying of B and Zn improved the total phenolic content, the essential oil content and the yield and antioxidant activity of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>. Moreover, B application generally concentrated more carvacrol in the essential oil (in the first experimental year). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between Zn treatments in carvacrol content and total flavonoids. The use of several microelements, such as B and Zn, could improve both the quantity and quality of <i>S. khuzistanica</i>. Additionally, improvement of seed set and seed quality by the foliar spraying of Zn and B may be useful for growing plants in arid and semi-arid areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2469essential oilcarvacrolantioxidant propertyseed germination |
| spellingShingle | Hasan Mumivand Parisa Khanizadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Edyta Sierka Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska Tomasz Horaczek Hazem M. Kalaji Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc Plants essential oil carvacrol antioxidant property seed germination |
| title | Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc |
| title_full | Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc |
| title_short | Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc |
| title_sort | improvement of growth yield seed production and phytochemical properties of i satureja khuzistanica i jamzad by foliar application of boron and zinc |
| topic | essential oil carvacrol antioxidant property seed germination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2469 |
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