RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response
The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of plants with natural molecules such as c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1064 |
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| author | Yaima Henry García Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas María Elena Báez-Flores Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández |
| author_facet | Yaima Henry García Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas María Elena Báez-Flores Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández |
| author_sort | Yaima Henry García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of plants with natural molecules such as chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide of the fungal cell wall that is recognized by plasma membrane receptors that activates the transcription of plant defense genes. Because there is little information on the genes involved in chitin perception and defense responses to fungal chitin oligomers in tomato fruits, the main objective of this study was to identify pattern recognition receptor-associated genes in tomato fruits that perceive chitin oligomers from the necrotrophic fungus <i>A. alternata</i> using RNA-Seq. Chitin oligomers were obtained from <i>A. alternata</i> via enzymatic treatment. Tomato fruits in the pink ripening stage were exposed to these chitin oligomers for 30 min. The induction of tomato genes encoding a plasma membrane receptor that recognizes fungal chitin (<i>LRR</i>, <i>RLK</i>, <i>SlLYK4</i>, and <i>SlCERK1</i>) was observed 30 min after treatment. Similarly, the perception of <i>Alternaria</i> chitin oligomers triggered the induction of genes involved in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene and jasmonic acid. Further, activation of plant defense phenomena was confirmed by the upregulation of several genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. The scientific information generated in the present work will help to better elucidate tomato fruit’s response to pathogens and to design protocols to reduce postharvest losses due to fungal infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e43d6064d5642b4a0aacf8defab890d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e43d6064d5642b4a0aacf8defab890d2023-11-19T16:38:51ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-09-01910106410.3390/horticulturae9101064RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense ResponseYaima Henry García0Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas1María Elena Báez-Flores2Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate3Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández4Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, MexicoCoordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Calle de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Culiacán 80010, Sinaloa, MexicoCONAHCYT-Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, MexicoCoordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, MexicoThe tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of plants with natural molecules such as chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide of the fungal cell wall that is recognized by plasma membrane receptors that activates the transcription of plant defense genes. Because there is little information on the genes involved in chitin perception and defense responses to fungal chitin oligomers in tomato fruits, the main objective of this study was to identify pattern recognition receptor-associated genes in tomato fruits that perceive chitin oligomers from the necrotrophic fungus <i>A. alternata</i> using RNA-Seq. Chitin oligomers were obtained from <i>A. alternata</i> via enzymatic treatment. Tomato fruits in the pink ripening stage were exposed to these chitin oligomers for 30 min. The induction of tomato genes encoding a plasma membrane receptor that recognizes fungal chitin (<i>LRR</i>, <i>RLK</i>, <i>SlLYK4</i>, and <i>SlCERK1</i>) was observed 30 min after treatment. Similarly, the perception of <i>Alternaria</i> chitin oligomers triggered the induction of genes involved in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene and jasmonic acid. Further, activation of plant defense phenomena was confirmed by the upregulation of several genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. The scientific information generated in the present work will help to better elucidate tomato fruit’s response to pathogens and to design protocols to reduce postharvest losses due to fungal infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1064fungal chitin oligomerschitin receptor-like protein kinaseRNA-seqdifferential gene expressiontomato fruit |
| spellingShingle | Yaima Henry García Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas María Elena Báez-Flores Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response Horticulturae fungal chitin oligomers chitin receptor-like protein kinase RNA-seq differential gene expression tomato fruit |
| title | RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response |
| title_full | RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response |
| title_fullStr | RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response |
| title_short | RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response |
| title_sort | rna seq of tomato fruit alternaria chitin oligomer interaction reveals genes encoding chitin membrane receptors and the activation of the defense response |
| topic | fungal chitin oligomers chitin receptor-like protein kinase RNA-seq differential gene expression tomato fruit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1064 |
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