The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation
<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1904 |
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| author | Jae-Hoon Lee Jeong-Heon Kim Se-Myung Kim Jae-Yong Kim Jae-Hoon Kim Su-Jin Eom Min-Cheol Kang Kyung-Mo Song |
| author_facet | Jae-Hoon Lee Jeong-Heon Kim Se-Myung Kim Jae-Yong Kim Jae-Hoon Kim Su-Jin Eom Min-Cheol Kang Kyung-Mo Song |
| author_sort | Jae-Hoon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the yield of <i>U. pinnatifida</i> sporophyll extract (UPE), a <i>U. pinnatifida</i> byproduct, using ultrasonication, an environmentally friendly extraction method, and identify UPE components with antioxidant activity. UPE_2, 4, 6, and 8 extracts were obtained at extraction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. UPE_8 had the highest yield (31.91%) and polysaccharide (69.22%), polyphenol, (8.59 GAE μg/mg), and fucoxanthin contents (2.3 μg/g). UPE_8 showed the greatest protective and inhibitory effects on ROS generation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-damaged Vero cells. Ethanol precipitation of UPE_8 confirmed that UPE_8P (precipitate) had superior antioxidant activity in Vero cells compared to UPE_8S (supernatant). UPE_8P contained a large amount of polysaccharides, a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of UPE_8. This study shows that UPE_8 obtained using ultrasonication can be a functional food ingredient with excellent antioxidant activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e4b91dc66c146bba9ada059d0414482 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e4b91dc66c146bba9ada059d04144822023-11-24T14:25:31ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-10-011211190410.3390/antiox12111904The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol PrecipitationJae-Hoon Lee0Jeong-Heon Kim1Se-Myung Kim2Jae-Yong Kim3Jae-Hoon Kim4Su-Jin Eom5Min-Cheol Kang6Kyung-Mo Song7Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaGreating Laboratory, Hyundai Green Food Ltd., Yongin 16827, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaResearch Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the yield of <i>U. pinnatifida</i> sporophyll extract (UPE), a <i>U. pinnatifida</i> byproduct, using ultrasonication, an environmentally friendly extraction method, and identify UPE components with antioxidant activity. UPE_2, 4, 6, and 8 extracts were obtained at extraction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. UPE_8 had the highest yield (31.91%) and polysaccharide (69.22%), polyphenol, (8.59 GAE μg/mg), and fucoxanthin contents (2.3 μg/g). UPE_8 showed the greatest protective and inhibitory effects on ROS generation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-damaged Vero cells. Ethanol precipitation of UPE_8 confirmed that UPE_8P (precipitate) had superior antioxidant activity in Vero cells compared to UPE_8S (supernatant). UPE_8P contained a large amount of polysaccharides, a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of UPE_8. This study shows that UPE_8 obtained using ultrasonication can be a functional food ingredient with excellent antioxidant activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1904<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> sporophyllultrasonicationantioxidant activitypolysaccharide |
| spellingShingle | Jae-Hoon Lee Jeong-Heon Kim Se-Myung Kim Jae-Yong Kim Jae-Hoon Kim Su-Jin Eom Min-Cheol Kang Kyung-Mo Song The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation Antioxidants <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> sporophyll ultrasonication antioxidant activity polysaccharide |
| title | The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation |
| title_full | The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation |
| title_fullStr | The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation |
| title_short | The Antioxidant Activity of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation |
| title_sort | antioxidant activity of i undaria pinnatifida i sporophyll extract obtained using ultrasonication a focus on crude polysaccharide extraction using ethanol precipitation |
| topic | <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> sporophyll ultrasonication antioxidant activity polysaccharide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1904 |
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