High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)
The vascular bundle of the shank is an important ‘flow’ organ for transforming maize biological yield to grain yield, and its microscopic phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis are of great significance for promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. In this st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/10/1339 |
| _version_ | 1797496381877780480 |
|---|---|
| author | Shangjing Guo Guoliang Zhou Jinglu Wang Xianju Lu Huan Zhao Minggang Zhang Xinyu Guo Ying Zhang |
| author_facet | Shangjing Guo Guoliang Zhou Jinglu Wang Xianju Lu Huan Zhao Minggang Zhang Xinyu Guo Ying Zhang |
| author_sort | Shangjing Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The vascular bundle of the shank is an important ‘flow’ organ for transforming maize biological yield to grain yield, and its microscopic phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis are of great significance for promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. In this study, shank CT images were obtained using the standard process for stem micro-CT data acquisition at resolutions up to 13.5 μm. Moreover, five categories and 36 phenotypic traits of the shank including related to the cross-section, epidermis zone, periphery zone, inner zone and vascular bundle were analyzed through an automatic CT image process pipeline based on the functional zones. Next, we analyzed the phenotypic variations in vascular bundles at the base of the shank among a group of 202 inbred lines based on comprehensive phenotypic information for two environments. It was found that the number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (IZ_VB_N) and the area of the inner zone (IZ_A) varied the most among the different subgroups. Combined with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 806 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, and 1245 unique candidate genes for 30 key traits were detected, including the total area of vascular bundles (VB_A), the total number of vascular bundles (VB_N), the density of the vascular bundles (VB_D), etc. These candidate genes encode proteins involved in lignin, cellulose synthesis, transcription factors, material transportation and plant development. The results presented here will improve the understanding of the phenotypic traits of maize shank and provide an important phenotypic basis for high-throughput identification of vascular bundle functional genes of maize shank and promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e51993ff5c341f999e7aebc1befaac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e51993ff5c341f999e7aebc1befaac22023-11-23T12:42:35ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-05-011110133910.3390/plants11101339High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)Shangjing Guo0Guoliang Zhou1Jinglu Wang2Xianju Lu3Huan Zhao4Minggang Zhang5Xinyu Guo6Ying Zhang7College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaThe vascular bundle of the shank is an important ‘flow’ organ for transforming maize biological yield to grain yield, and its microscopic phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis are of great significance for promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. In this study, shank CT images were obtained using the standard process for stem micro-CT data acquisition at resolutions up to 13.5 μm. Moreover, five categories and 36 phenotypic traits of the shank including related to the cross-section, epidermis zone, periphery zone, inner zone and vascular bundle were analyzed through an automatic CT image process pipeline based on the functional zones. Next, we analyzed the phenotypic variations in vascular bundles at the base of the shank among a group of 202 inbred lines based on comprehensive phenotypic information for two environments. It was found that the number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (IZ_VB_N) and the area of the inner zone (IZ_A) varied the most among the different subgroups. Combined with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 806 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, and 1245 unique candidate genes for 30 key traits were detected, including the total area of vascular bundles (VB_A), the total number of vascular bundles (VB_N), the density of the vascular bundles (VB_D), etc. These candidate genes encode proteins involved in lignin, cellulose synthesis, transcription factors, material transportation and plant development. The results presented here will improve the understanding of the phenotypic traits of maize shank and provide an important phenotypic basis for high-throughput identification of vascular bundle functional genes of maize shank and promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/10/1339maize shankmicro-CTvascular bundlephenotypic variationgenome-wide association studies |
| spellingShingle | Shangjing Guo Guoliang Zhou Jinglu Wang Xianju Lu Huan Zhao Minggang Zhang Xinyu Guo Ying Zhang High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Plants maize shank micro-CT vascular bundle phenotypic variation genome-wide association studies |
| title | High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) |
| title_full | High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) |
| title_short | High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) |
| title_sort | high throughput phenotyping accelerates the dissection of the phenotypic variation and genetic architecture of shank vascular bundles in maize i zea mays i l |
| topic | maize shank micro-CT vascular bundle phenotypic variation genome-wide association studies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/10/1339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shangjingguo highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT guoliangzhou highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT jingluwang highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT xianjulu highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT huanzhao highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT minggangzhang highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT xinyuguo highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil AT yingzhang highthroughputphenotypingacceleratesthedissectionofthephenotypicvariationandgeneticarchitectureofshankvascularbundlesinmaizeizeamaysil |