Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes
Purpose: To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period.Methods: Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00103/full |
| _version_ | 1818613437622648832 |
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| author | Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Tor-Arne Hetland Xudan Cai Xudan Cai Øyvind Sandbakk |
| author_facet | Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Tor-Arne Hetland Xudan Cai Xudan Cai Øyvind Sandbakk |
| author_sort | Rune Kjøsen Talsnes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period.Methods: Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 15 men and 9 women) were tested for performance, physiological and technical capacities during treadmill running and roller-ski skating, double-poling ergometry, as well as upper-body, one-repetition maximum-strength (1 RM) at baseline (pre) after three (mid) and 6-months (post) of XC ski-specific training.Results: Peak treadmill speed when roller-ski skating improved significantly (13%, P < 0.01) from pre-post, with a larger improvement in runners than in kayakers/rowers (16 vs. 9%, P < 0.05), whereas peak speed in running was unchanged. Average power output during 5-min and 30-s ergometer double-poling tests improved by 8% and 5% (both P < 0.01), with improvement found only in runners on the 30-s test (8 vs. −2% in kayakers/rowers, P < 0.01). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in running and double-poling ergometry did not improve, whereas VO2peak in roller-ski skating improved by 5% in runners (P < 0.05). Submaximal gross efficiency increased by 0.6%-point and cycle length by 13%, whereas 1 RM in seated pull-down and triceps press increased by 12 and 11%, respectively (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Six-months of XC ski-specific training induced large improvements in sport-specific performance which were associated with better skiing efficiency, longer cycle length, and greater 1RM upper-body strength in a group of endurance athletes transferring to XC skiing. Furthermore, larger sport-specific development was found in runners compared to kayakers/rowers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:02:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e5329655a0d4d7db902a421819a5a23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:02:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e5329655a0d4d7db902a421819a5a232022-12-21T22:25:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672020-08-01210.3389/fspor.2020.00103552558Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance AthletesRune Kjøsen Talsnes0Rune Kjøsen Talsnes1Tor-Arne Hetland2Xudan Cai3Xudan Cai4Øyvind Sandbakk5Meråker High School, Trøndelag County Council, Steinkjer, NorwayDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayMeråker High School, Trøndelag County Council, Steinkjer, NorwaySchool of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, ChinaOlympic Games Preparation Office, Chinese Olympic Committee, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayPurpose: To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period.Methods: Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 15 men and 9 women) were tested for performance, physiological and technical capacities during treadmill running and roller-ski skating, double-poling ergometry, as well as upper-body, one-repetition maximum-strength (1 RM) at baseline (pre) after three (mid) and 6-months (post) of XC ski-specific training.Results: Peak treadmill speed when roller-ski skating improved significantly (13%, P < 0.01) from pre-post, with a larger improvement in runners than in kayakers/rowers (16 vs. 9%, P < 0.05), whereas peak speed in running was unchanged. Average power output during 5-min and 30-s ergometer double-poling tests improved by 8% and 5% (both P < 0.01), with improvement found only in runners on the 30-s test (8 vs. −2% in kayakers/rowers, P < 0.01). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in running and double-poling ergometry did not improve, whereas VO2peak in roller-ski skating improved by 5% in runners (P < 0.05). Submaximal gross efficiency increased by 0.6%-point and cycle length by 13%, whereas 1 RM in seated pull-down and triceps press increased by 12 and 11%, respectively (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Six-months of XC ski-specific training induced large improvements in sport-specific performance which were associated with better skiing efficiency, longer cycle length, and greater 1RM upper-body strength in a group of endurance athletes transferring to XC skiing. Furthermore, larger sport-specific development was found in runners compared to kayakers/rowers.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00103/fullaerobic capacitycycle lengthgross efficiencyendurance trainingstrength trainingOlympics |
| spellingShingle | Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Tor-Arne Hetland Xudan Cai Xudan Cai Øyvind Sandbakk Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes Frontiers in Sports and Active Living aerobic capacity cycle length gross efficiency endurance training strength training Olympics |
| title | Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes |
| title_full | Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes |
| title_short | Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes |
| title_sort | development of performance physiological and technical capacities during a six month cross country skiing talent transfer program in endurance athletes |
| topic | aerobic capacity cycle length gross efficiency endurance training strength training Olympics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00103/full |
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