| Summary: | Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) is a natural isothiocyanate resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) present in <i>Eruca sativa</i> Mill. seeds, an edible plant of the <i>Brassicaceae</i> family. In this experimental work, the specific involvement of mitoK<sub>ATP</sub> channels in the cardioprotective effect induced by ERU was evaluated in detail. An in vivo preclinical model of acute myocardial infarction was reproduced in rats to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ERU. Diazoxide was used as a reference compound for the modulation of potassium fluxes and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD) as a selective blocker of K<sub>ATP</sub> channels. Specific investigations on isolated cardiac mitochondria were carried out to evaluate the involvement of mitoK<sub>ATP</sub> channels. The results obtained showed ERU cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage through the involvement of mitoK<sub>ATP</sub> channels and the consequent depolarizing effect, which in turn reduced calcium entry and preserved mitochondrial integrity.
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