In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.)
Natural compounds are a prominent source of novel antiviral drugs. Several reports have previously shown the antimicrobial activity of pistachio polyphenol extracts. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of natural shelled (NPRE) pistachios ke...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-02-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/2/267 |
| _version_ | 1798018333631578112 |
|---|---|
| author | Maria Musarra-Pizzo Rosamaria Pennisi Ichrak Ben-Amor Antonella Smeriglio Giuseppina Mandalari Maria Teresa Sciortino |
| author_facet | Maria Musarra-Pizzo Rosamaria Pennisi Ichrak Ben-Amor Antonella Smeriglio Giuseppina Mandalari Maria Teresa Sciortino |
| author_sort | Maria Musarra-Pizzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural compounds are a prominent source of novel antiviral drugs. Several reports have previously shown the antimicrobial activity of pistachio polyphenol extracts. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of natural shelled (NPRE) pistachios kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. The Vero cell line was used to assess the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. The cell viability was calculated by detection of cellular ATP after treatment with various concentrations of NPRE. For antiviral studies, five nontoxic-concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) were tested. Our study demonstrated that treatment with NPRE (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) reduced the expression of the viral proteins ICP8 (infected cell polypeptide 8), UL42 (unique long UL42 DNA polymerase processivity factor), and US11 (unique short US11 protein), and resulted in a decrease of viral DNA synthesis. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>), 50% inhibitory concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>), and the selectivity index (SI) values for NPRE were 1.2 mg/mL, 0.4mg/mL, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-herpetic effect of a mix of pure polyphenol compounds (NS MIX) present in NPRE. In conclusion, our findings indicate that natural shelled pistachio kernels have remarkable inhibitory activity against HSV-1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:22:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e6b4c7c6d6e4b7687e72c1c9d796476 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:22:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e6b4c7c6d6e4b7687e72c1c9d7964762022-12-22T04:14:17ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-02-019226710.3390/plants9020267plants9020267In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.)Maria Musarra-Pizzo0Rosamaria Pennisi1Ichrak Ben-Amor2Antonella Smeriglio3Giuseppina Mandalari4Maria Teresa Sciortino5Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyNatural compounds are a prominent source of novel antiviral drugs. Several reports have previously shown the antimicrobial activity of pistachio polyphenol extracts. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of natural shelled (NPRE) pistachios kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. The Vero cell line was used to assess the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. The cell viability was calculated by detection of cellular ATP after treatment with various concentrations of NPRE. For antiviral studies, five nontoxic-concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) were tested. Our study demonstrated that treatment with NPRE (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) reduced the expression of the viral proteins ICP8 (infected cell polypeptide 8), UL42 (unique long UL42 DNA polymerase processivity factor), and US11 (unique short US11 protein), and resulted in a decrease of viral DNA synthesis. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>), 50% inhibitory concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>), and the selectivity index (SI) values for NPRE were 1.2 mg/mL, 0.4mg/mL, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-herpetic effect of a mix of pure polyphenol compounds (NS MIX) present in NPRE. In conclusion, our findings indicate that natural shelled pistachio kernels have remarkable inhibitory activity against HSV-1.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/2/267herpes simplex virusantiviralpistachiospolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Maria Musarra-Pizzo Rosamaria Pennisi Ichrak Ben-Amor Antonella Smeriglio Giuseppina Mandalari Maria Teresa Sciortino In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) Plants herpes simplex virus antiviral pistachios polyphenols |
| title | In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) |
| title_full | In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) |
| title_short | In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) |
| title_sort | in vitro anti hsv 1 activity of polyphenol rich extracts and pure polyphenol compounds derived from pistachios kernels i pistacia vera i l |
| topic | herpes simplex virus antiviral pistachios polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/2/267 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariamusarrapizzo invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail AT rosamariapennisi invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail AT ichrakbenamor invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail AT antonellasmeriglio invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail AT giuseppinamandalari invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail AT mariateresasciortino invitroantihsv1activityofpolyphenolrichextractsandpurepolyphenolcompoundsderivedfrompistachioskernelsipistaciaverail |