Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency
Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/495 |
| _version_ | 1797494397936336896 |
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| author | Nives Jovičić Alan Antonović Ana Matin Suzana Antolović Sanja Kalambura Tajana Krička |
| author_facet | Nives Jovičić Alan Antonović Ana Matin Suzana Antolović Sanja Kalambura Tajana Krička |
| author_sort | Nives Jovičić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are one of the most affordable and important renewable resources in the world, which can partially replace fossil resources. The overall objective of the research is to provide background information that supports new applications of walnut shells in a biorefinery context and to increase the economic value of these non-wood forest products. This paper presents the properties characterization of liquefied biomass according to their chemical composition. All results were compared to liquefied wood. In this study, the liquefaction properties of five different walnut shell particle sizes were determined using glycerol as the liquefaction reagent under defined reaction conditions. The liquefied biomass was characterized for properties such as percentage residue, degree of liquefaction, and hydroxyl OH numbers. The chemical composition of the same biomass was investigated for its influence on the liquefaction properties. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to determine the liquefaction properties of different particle sizes as a function of their chemical composition, also in comparison with the chemical composition of wood. The study revealed that walnut shell biomass can be effectively liquefied into glycerol using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the catalyst, with liquefaction efficiency ranging from 89.21 to 90.98%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:33:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e72fe1814594f57bcef369e495bbbcc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:33:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e72fe1814594f57bcef369e495bbbcc2023-11-23T13:37:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-01-0115249510.3390/en15020495Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction EfficiencyNives Jovičić0Alan Antonović1Ana Matin2Suzana Antolović3Sanja Kalambura4Tajana Krička5University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, 10410 Velika Gorica, CroatiaDepartment of Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Storage and Transport, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaCroatian Conservation Institute, Fakultetska 4, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaUniversity of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, 10410 Velika Gorica, CroatiaDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Storage and Transport, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaGlobally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are one of the most affordable and important renewable resources in the world, which can partially replace fossil resources. The overall objective of the research is to provide background information that supports new applications of walnut shells in a biorefinery context and to increase the economic value of these non-wood forest products. This paper presents the properties characterization of liquefied biomass according to their chemical composition. All results were compared to liquefied wood. In this study, the liquefaction properties of five different walnut shell particle sizes were determined using glycerol as the liquefaction reagent under defined reaction conditions. The liquefied biomass was characterized for properties such as percentage residue, degree of liquefaction, and hydroxyl OH numbers. The chemical composition of the same biomass was investigated for its influence on the liquefaction properties. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to determine the liquefaction properties of different particle sizes as a function of their chemical composition, also in comparison with the chemical composition of wood. The study revealed that walnut shell biomass can be effectively liquefied into glycerol using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the catalyst, with liquefaction efficiency ranging from 89.21 to 90.98%.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/495biomass liquefactionbiorefineryhydroxyl numberlignocellulose biomassliquefaction degreeresidue percentage |
| spellingShingle | Nives Jovičić Alan Antonović Ana Matin Suzana Antolović Sanja Kalambura Tajana Krička Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency Energies biomass liquefaction biorefinery hydroxyl number lignocellulose biomass liquefaction degree residue percentage |
| title | Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency |
| title_full | Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency |
| title_short | Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency |
| title_sort | biomass valorization of walnut shell for liquefaction efficiency |
| topic | biomass liquefaction biorefinery hydroxyl number lignocellulose biomass liquefaction degree residue percentage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/2/495 |
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