Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies
Background: Nearly half of the world is at risk of developing dengue infection. Dengue virus is the causative agent behind this public healthcare concern. Millions of dengue cases are reported every year, leading to thousands of deaths. The scientific community is working to develop effective therap...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1328 |
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| author | Shiza Malik Omar Ahsan Hassan Mumtaz Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed |
| author_facet | Shiza Malik Omar Ahsan Hassan Mumtaz Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed |
| author_sort | Shiza Malik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Nearly half of the world is at risk of developing dengue infection. Dengue virus is the causative agent behind this public healthcare concern. Millions of dengue cases are reported every year, leading to thousands of deaths. The scientific community is working to develop effective therapeutic strategies in the form of vaccines and antiviral drugs against dengue. Methods: In this review, a methodological approach has been used to gather data from the past five years to include the latest developments against the dengue virus. Results: Different therapeutics and antiviral targets against the dengue virus are at different stages of development, but none have been approved by the FDA. Moreover, various vaccination strategies have also been discussed, including attenuated virus vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, nanotechnology, and plant-based vaccines, which are used to develop effective vaccines for the dengue virus. Many dengue vaccines pass the initial phases of evaluation, but only two vaccines have been approved for public use. DENGVAXIA is the only FDA-approved vaccine against all four stereotypes of the dengue virus, but it is licensed for use only in individuals 6–16 years of age with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic countries. Takeda is the second vaccine approved for use in the European Union, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, and Thailand. It produced sustained antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus, regardless of previous exposure and dosing schedule. Other dengue vaccine candidates at different stages of development are TV-003/005, TDENV PIV, V180, and some DNA vaccines. Conclusion: There is a need to put more effort into developing effective vaccines and therapeutics for dengue, as already approved vaccines and therapeutics have limitations. DENGVAXIA is approved for use in children and teenagers who are 6–16 years of age and have confirmed dengue infection, while Takeda is approved for use in certain countries, and it has withdrawn its application for FDA approval. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:31:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e762d847a1e424d8e66513e7fa38c5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:31:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e762d847a1e424d8e66513e7fa38c5a2023-11-19T03:17:34ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-08-01118132810.3390/vaccines11081328Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine StrategiesShiza Malik0Omar Ahsan1Hassan Mumtaz2Muhammad Tahir Khan3Ranjit Sah4Yasir Waheed5Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanInnovation, Implementation, and Partnership Unit, Association for Social Development, Islamabad 44000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, 1KM Defence Road, Lahore 58810, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, NepalOffice of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, PakistanBackground: Nearly half of the world is at risk of developing dengue infection. Dengue virus is the causative agent behind this public healthcare concern. Millions of dengue cases are reported every year, leading to thousands of deaths. The scientific community is working to develop effective therapeutic strategies in the form of vaccines and antiviral drugs against dengue. Methods: In this review, a methodological approach has been used to gather data from the past five years to include the latest developments against the dengue virus. Results: Different therapeutics and antiviral targets against the dengue virus are at different stages of development, but none have been approved by the FDA. Moreover, various vaccination strategies have also been discussed, including attenuated virus vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, nanotechnology, and plant-based vaccines, which are used to develop effective vaccines for the dengue virus. Many dengue vaccines pass the initial phases of evaluation, but only two vaccines have been approved for public use. DENGVAXIA is the only FDA-approved vaccine against all four stereotypes of the dengue virus, but it is licensed for use only in individuals 6–16 years of age with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic countries. Takeda is the second vaccine approved for use in the European Union, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, and Thailand. It produced sustained antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus, regardless of previous exposure and dosing schedule. Other dengue vaccine candidates at different stages of development are TV-003/005, TDENV PIV, V180, and some DNA vaccines. Conclusion: There is a need to put more effort into developing effective vaccines and therapeutics for dengue, as already approved vaccines and therapeutics have limitations. DENGVAXIA is approved for use in children and teenagers who are 6–16 years of age and have confirmed dengue infection, while Takeda is approved for use in certain countries, and it has withdrawn its application for FDA approval.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1328dengue virus (DENV)dengue fever (DF)vaccinesantiviral targetsdrugstherapeutic approaches |
| spellingShingle | Shiza Malik Omar Ahsan Hassan Mumtaz Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies Vaccines dengue virus (DENV) dengue fever (DF) vaccines antiviral targets drugs therapeutic approaches |
| title | Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies |
| title_full | Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies |
| title_short | Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus—Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies |
| title_sort | tracing down the updates on dengue virus molecular biology antivirals and vaccine strategies |
| topic | dengue virus (DENV) dengue fever (DF) vaccines antiviral targets drugs therapeutic approaches |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1328 |
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