Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data
BackgroundWorking memory is a crucial element of cognitive function. Previous cross-sectional studies have identified various determinants of working memory in children and adolescents. Nonetheless, no study has yet demonstrated the causal relationship of social determinants with working memory in a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341501/full |
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| author | Hari Wahyu Nugroho Harsono Salimo Hartono Hartono Moh Abdul Hakim Ari Probandari |
| author_facet | Hari Wahyu Nugroho Harsono Salimo Hartono Hartono Moh Abdul Hakim Ari Probandari |
| author_sort | Hari Wahyu Nugroho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWorking memory is a crucial element of cognitive function. Previous cross-sectional studies have identified various determinants of working memory in children and adolescents. Nonetheless, no study has yet demonstrated the causal relationship of social determinants with working memory in adolescents.ObjectiveThis study explores the causal link between the level of education, smoking, and other factors with adolescent’s working memory.MethodsThis study analyzed secondary data from waves 4 and 5 of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), utilizing cross-lagged analysis in Jamovi version 2.4.8. The variables included working memory score, maternal education, household income, stress, educational level, smoking, urbanicity, and physical activity. These variables were extracted from IFLS waves 4 and 5, and each dependent variable in IFLS wave four was controlled by the same dependent variables in IFLS 5. Then, we used cross-lagged analysis to assess the causality between each dependent variable and a working memory score in IFLS wave 5.ResultThe findings indicate that level of education had a positive impact on working memory in adolescents aged 15–18 years, with a Beta value of 0.18 (95% CI 0.81–0.2; p < 0.001). Smoking and age were negatively associated with working memory, with Beta values of −0.07 (95% CI -0.65 -0.04; p < 0.029) and − 0.10 (95% CI -0.25 -0.05; p < 0.003), respectively. No evidence was found for a significant correlation between poverty and adolescents’s working memory.ConclusionThe findings indicate that increased education levels are associated with improved working memory in adolescents aged 15–18. At the same time, smoking has a negative impact on working memory in this age group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:22:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e7ad86fa0974ea5988c3578adbd8eb3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:22:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e7ad86fa0974ea5988c3578adbd8eb32024-03-25T16:58:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-03-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13415011341501Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal dataHari Wahyu Nugroho0Harsono Salimo1Hartono Hartono2Moh Abdul Hakim3Ari Probandari4Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaDoctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaDoctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaDoctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaBackgroundWorking memory is a crucial element of cognitive function. Previous cross-sectional studies have identified various determinants of working memory in children and adolescents. Nonetheless, no study has yet demonstrated the causal relationship of social determinants with working memory in adolescents.ObjectiveThis study explores the causal link between the level of education, smoking, and other factors with adolescent’s working memory.MethodsThis study analyzed secondary data from waves 4 and 5 of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), utilizing cross-lagged analysis in Jamovi version 2.4.8. The variables included working memory score, maternal education, household income, stress, educational level, smoking, urbanicity, and physical activity. These variables were extracted from IFLS waves 4 and 5, and each dependent variable in IFLS wave four was controlled by the same dependent variables in IFLS 5. Then, we used cross-lagged analysis to assess the causality between each dependent variable and a working memory score in IFLS wave 5.ResultThe findings indicate that level of education had a positive impact on working memory in adolescents aged 15–18 years, with a Beta value of 0.18 (95% CI 0.81–0.2; p < 0.001). Smoking and age were negatively associated with working memory, with Beta values of −0.07 (95% CI -0.65 -0.04; p < 0.029) and − 0.10 (95% CI -0.25 -0.05; p < 0.003), respectively. No evidence was found for a significant correlation between poverty and adolescents’s working memory.ConclusionThe findings indicate that increased education levels are associated with improved working memory in adolescents aged 15–18. At the same time, smoking has a negative impact on working memory in this age group.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341501/fullworking memorysocial determinantseducational levelsmokingpoverty |
| spellingShingle | Hari Wahyu Nugroho Harsono Salimo Hartono Hartono Moh Abdul Hakim Ari Probandari Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data Frontiers in Public Health working memory social determinants educational level smoking poverty |
| title | Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| title_full | Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| title_fullStr | Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| title_short | Association between poverty, low educational level and smoking with adolescent’s working memory: cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| title_sort | association between poverty low educational level and smoking with adolescent s working memory cross lagged analysis from longitudinal data |
| topic | working memory social determinants educational level smoking poverty |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341501/full |
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