Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs
Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootrop...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3367 |
| _version_ | 1797442956627542016 |
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| author | Matěj Malík Pavel Tlustoš |
| author_facet | Matěj Malík Pavel Tlustoš |
| author_sort | Matěj Malík |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several main representatives, and for each one, its uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosage, and possible side effects and contraindications are discussed. For the nootropic plant extracts, there is also a brief description of each plant representative, its occurrence, history, and chemical composition of the medicinal part. Lastly, specific recommendations regarding the use of nootropics by both ill and healthy individuals are summarized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e7db35c4a1d4b1b95a21529e69a54a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e7db35c4a1d4b1b95a21529e69a54a32023-11-30T22:08:20ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-08-011416336710.3390/nu14163367Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart DrugsMatěj Malík0Pavel Tlustoš1Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicNootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several main representatives, and for each one, its uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosage, and possible side effects and contraindications are discussed. For the nootropic plant extracts, there is also a brief description of each plant representative, its occurrence, history, and chemical composition of the medicinal part. Lastly, specific recommendations regarding the use of nootropics by both ill and healthy individuals are summarized.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3367learningsmart drugsbrain injurypiracetam<i>Panax ginseng</i>nootropics |
| spellingShingle | Matěj Malík Pavel Tlustoš Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs Nutrients learning smart drugs brain injury piracetam <i>Panax ginseng</i> nootropics |
| title | Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs |
| title_full | Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs |
| title_fullStr | Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs |
| title_short | Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs |
| title_sort | nootropics as cognitive enhancers types dosage and side effects of smart drugs |
| topic | learning smart drugs brain injury piracetam <i>Panax ginseng</i> nootropics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3367 |
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