| Summary: | Four new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, xishaeleganins A–D (<b>6</b>–<b>9</b>), along with eleven known related ones (<b>12</b> and <b>14</b>–<b>23</b>) were isolated from the Xisha marine sponge <i>Dactylospongia elegans</i> (family Thorectida). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and by comparison with the spectral data reported in the literature. Compounds <b>7</b>, <b>15</b>, <b>20</b>, and <b>21</b> showed significant antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.5, 2.9, 5.6, and 5.6 µg/mL, which are comparable with those obtained for the positive control vancomycin (MIC: 1.0 µg/mL).
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