| Summary: | Introduction
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the existing
tobacco interventions and synthesize whether those interventions affected tobacco
use among university students.
Methods
We searched and found 1799 studies in PubMed, ClinicalKey for Nursing,
Embase, and SCOPUS between 2009 and 2022. The risk of bias was assessed
using similar criteria for RCT and non-randomized studies guided by the Cochrane
Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The heterogeneity of studies was evaluated
using Cochran’s Q and I 2 index. The GRADE system was used to distinguish the
quality of evidence, and Egger’s linear regression test was performed to assess
publication bias.
Results
Eighteen studies used data extraction and analyses, and only eleven
were meta-analyzed, which found that the estimate obtained via the fixedeffects
model was statistically significant. Technology-based and motivational
interview interventions found pooled ORs of statical significance, while reinforcer
interventions showed the smallest effect size. The level of heterogeneity was
considered substantial. The assessment for quality of evidence showed low overall
certainty of evidence due to imprecision of outcome and suspicion of publication
bias. Egger’s test showed no publication bias among included studies (p=0.38).
Conclusions
There were numerous tobacco cessation interventions for university
students, but the most effective intervention to change tobacco consumption
behavior was still inconclusive and uncertain.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO. The registration number is CRD42019142491.
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