Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen
Background: Bee pollen is a natural product collected and transformed by bees, intended for human consumption, given its nutritional and bioactive richness. The fundamental operation of adequacy is drying, which allows its preservation, avoiding chemical or microbiological degradation, typically usi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universidad de Antioquia
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Vitae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/vitae/article/view/350572 |
| _version_ | 1811290667507253248 |
|---|---|
| author | Carlos Mario Zuluaga Dominguez Brian Alberto Castellanos Páez Andrés Durán Jiménez Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor Marta Cecilia Quicazán |
| author_facet | Carlos Mario Zuluaga Dominguez Brian Alberto Castellanos Páez Andrés Durán Jiménez Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor Marta Cecilia Quicazán |
| author_sort | Carlos Mario Zuluaga Dominguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Bee pollen is a natural product collected and transformed by bees, intended for human consumption, given its nutritional and bioactive richness. The fundamental operation of adequacy is drying, which allows its preservation, avoiding chemical or microbiological degradation, typically using tray dryers with hot air that use electricity or fuel for heat generation. Solar drying is an alternative that uses radiation as an energy source. However, it should be ensured that this type of process guarantees the quality of the product while not degrading its properties and, therefore, maintaining its morphological integrity. Objective: to establish the effect of solar drying on bee pollen structure compared to the conventional cabin dehydration process. Methods: Bee pollen was dehydrated using two types of dryers: a solar dryer and a forced convection oven. The solar dryer operating conditions were an average temperature of 19-35 °C with a maximum of 38 °C and average relative humidity (RH) of 55 %. Cabin dryer operating conditions were a set point temperature of 55 ± 2 °C and 10 % RH average humidity. The morphologic and thermodynamic properties of dried bee pollen, such as phase transition enthalpy through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), porosity and surface area through surface area analysis, and microscopic surface appearance by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), were measured. Results: The results showed dry bee pollen, both in the cabin dryer and solar dryer, did not suffer morphological changes seen through SEM compared to fresh bee pollen. Moreover, surface area analysis indicated the absence of porosity in the microscopic or macroscopic structure, demonstrating that solar or cabin drying processes did not affect the specific surface area concerning fresh bee pollen. Additionally, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed that endothermic phase transitions for dried bee pollen by cabin or solar dryer were at 145 °C and 160 °C, respectively. This can be mostly associated with free water loss due to the morphological structure preservation of the material compared to fresh bee pollen. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that solar drying is a reliable alternative to bee pollen dehydration as there were no effects that compromised its structural integrity.
|
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:16:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e9b9f0a931d45efbc84484612a73063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0121-4004 2145-2660 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:16:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Universidad de Antioquia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vitae |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e9b9f0a931d45efbc84484612a730632022-12-22T03:02:58ZengUniversidad de AntioquiaVitae0121-40042145-26602022-10-0129310.17533/udea.vitae.v29n3a350572Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee PollenCarlos Mario Zuluaga Dominguez0Brian Alberto Castellanos Páez1Andrés Durán Jiménez2Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor3Marta Cecilia Quicazán4Universidad Nacional de Colombia –Sede Bogotá –Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de AlimentosUniversidad Nacional de Colombia –Sede Bogotá – Facultad de Ingeniería - Departamento de Ingeniería Química y AmbientalUniversidad Nacional de Colombia –Sede Bogotá – Facultad de Ingeniería – Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá – Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá – Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Background: Bee pollen is a natural product collected and transformed by bees, intended for human consumption, given its nutritional and bioactive richness. The fundamental operation of adequacy is drying, which allows its preservation, avoiding chemical or microbiological degradation, typically using tray dryers with hot air that use electricity or fuel for heat generation. Solar drying is an alternative that uses radiation as an energy source. However, it should be ensured that this type of process guarantees the quality of the product while not degrading its properties and, therefore, maintaining its morphological integrity. Objective: to establish the effect of solar drying on bee pollen structure compared to the conventional cabin dehydration process. Methods: Bee pollen was dehydrated using two types of dryers: a solar dryer and a forced convection oven. The solar dryer operating conditions were an average temperature of 19-35 °C with a maximum of 38 °C and average relative humidity (RH) of 55 %. Cabin dryer operating conditions were a set point temperature of 55 ± 2 °C and 10 % RH average humidity. The morphologic and thermodynamic properties of dried bee pollen, such as phase transition enthalpy through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), porosity and surface area through surface area analysis, and microscopic surface appearance by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), were measured. Results: The results showed dry bee pollen, both in the cabin dryer and solar dryer, did not suffer morphological changes seen through SEM compared to fresh bee pollen. Moreover, surface area analysis indicated the absence of porosity in the microscopic or macroscopic structure, demonstrating that solar or cabin drying processes did not affect the specific surface area concerning fresh bee pollen. Additionally, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed that endothermic phase transitions for dried bee pollen by cabin or solar dryer were at 145 °C and 160 °C, respectively. This can be mostly associated with free water loss due to the morphological structure preservation of the material compared to fresh bee pollen. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that solar drying is a reliable alternative to bee pollen dehydration as there were no effects that compromised its structural integrity. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/vitae/article/view/350572Conservation processesbeekeepingbee pollenqualitydehydrationSolar Drying |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Mario Zuluaga Dominguez Brian Alberto Castellanos Páez Andrés Durán Jiménez Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor Marta Cecilia Quicazán Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen Vitae Conservation processes beekeeping bee pollen quality dehydration Solar Drying |
| title | Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen |
| title_full | Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen |
| title_short | Effects of Solar Drying on the Structural and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Bee Pollen |
| title_sort | effects of solar drying on the structural and thermodynamic characteristics of bee pollen |
| topic | Conservation processes beekeeping bee pollen quality dehydration Solar Drying |
| url | https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/vitae/article/view/350572 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlosmariozuluagadominguez effectsofsolardryingonthestructuralandthermodynamiccharacteristicsofbeepollen AT brianalbertocastellanospaez effectsofsolardryingonthestructuralandthermodynamiccharacteristicsofbeepollen AT andresduranjimenez effectsofsolardryingonthestructuralandthermodynamiccharacteristicsofbeepollen AT carlosalbertofuenmayor effectsofsolardryingonthestructuralandthermodynamiccharacteristicsofbeepollen AT martaceciliaquicazan effectsofsolardryingonthestructuralandthermodynamiccharacteristicsofbeepollen |