Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography
Climate change and geography affect all the living organisms. To date, the effects of climate and geographical factors on plant metabolome largely remain open for worldwide and local investigations. In this study, we designed field experiments with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India versus USA and...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01370/full |
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| author | Dong-Ming Ma Saiprasad V. S. Gandra Raman Manoharlal Christophe La Hovary De-Yu Xie |
| author_facet | Dong-Ming Ma Saiprasad V. S. Gandra Raman Manoharlal Christophe La Hovary De-Yu Xie |
| author_sort | Dong-Ming Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change and geography affect all the living organisms. To date, the effects of climate and geographical factors on plant metabolome largely remain open for worldwide and local investigations. In this study, we designed field experiments with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India versus USA and used untargeted metabolomics to understand the association of two weather factors and two different continental locations with respect to tobacco metabolism. Field research stations in Oxford, North Carolina, USA, and Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh India were selected to grow a commercial tobacco genotype (K326) for 2 years. Plant growth, field management, and leaf curing followed protocols standardized for tobacco cultivation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based unbiased profiling annotated 171 non-polar and 225 polar metabolites from cured tobacco leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that two growing years and two field locations played primary and secondary roles affecting metabolite profiles, respectively. PCA and Pearson analysis, which used nicotine, 11 other groups of metabolites, two locations, temperatures, and precipitation, revealed that in North Carolina, temperature changes were positively associated with the profiles of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes, but negatively associated with the profiles of nicotine, organic acids of tricarboxylic acid, and sugars; in addition, precipitation was positively associated with the profiles of triterpenes. In India, temperature was positively associated with the profiles of benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but negatively associated with the profiles of amino acids and sugar. Further comparative analysis revealed that nicotine levels were affected by weather conditions, nevertheless, its trend in leaves was independent of two geographical locations and weather changes. All these findings suggested that climate and geographical variation significantly differentiated the tobacco metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:14:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8e9dc669f60f40328c0793df901396ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:14:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8e9dc669f60f40328c0793df901396ba2022-12-22T00:14:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2019-10-011010.3389/fpls.2019.01370470291Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and GeographyDong-Ming Ma0Saiprasad V. S. Gandra1Raman Manoharlal2Christophe La Hovary3De-Yu Xie4Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), ITC Limited, Karnataka, Bengaluru, IndiaITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), ITC Limited, Karnataka, Bengaluru, IndiaDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesClimate change and geography affect all the living organisms. To date, the effects of climate and geographical factors on plant metabolome largely remain open for worldwide and local investigations. In this study, we designed field experiments with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India versus USA and used untargeted metabolomics to understand the association of two weather factors and two different continental locations with respect to tobacco metabolism. Field research stations in Oxford, North Carolina, USA, and Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh India were selected to grow a commercial tobacco genotype (K326) for 2 years. Plant growth, field management, and leaf curing followed protocols standardized for tobacco cultivation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based unbiased profiling annotated 171 non-polar and 225 polar metabolites from cured tobacco leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that two growing years and two field locations played primary and secondary roles affecting metabolite profiles, respectively. PCA and Pearson analysis, which used nicotine, 11 other groups of metabolites, two locations, temperatures, and precipitation, revealed that in North Carolina, temperature changes were positively associated with the profiles of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes, but negatively associated with the profiles of nicotine, organic acids of tricarboxylic acid, and sugars; in addition, precipitation was positively associated with the profiles of triterpenes. In India, temperature was positively associated with the profiles of benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but negatively associated with the profiles of amino acids and sugar. Further comparative analysis revealed that nicotine levels were affected by weather conditions, nevertheless, its trend in leaves was independent of two geographical locations and weather changes. All these findings suggested that climate and geographical variation significantly differentiated the tobacco metabolism.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01370/fullclimate changecontinentgeographymetabolomicsnicotinetobacco |
| spellingShingle | Dong-Ming Ma Saiprasad V. S. Gandra Raman Manoharlal Christophe La Hovary De-Yu Xie Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography Frontiers in Plant Science climate change continent geography metabolomics nicotine tobacco |
| title | Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography |
| title_full | Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography |
| title_fullStr | Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography |
| title_short | Untargeted Metabolomics of Nicotiana tabacum Grown in United States and India Characterizes the Association of Plant Metabolomes With Natural Climate and Geography |
| title_sort | untargeted metabolomics of nicotiana tabacum grown in united states and india characterizes the association of plant metabolomes with natural climate and geography |
| topic | climate change continent geography metabolomics nicotine tobacco |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.01370/full |
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