Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield
This work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/56 |
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| author | Maria Luisa Dettori Michele Pazzola Antonia Noce Vincenzo Landi Giuseppe Massimo Vacca |
| author_facet | Maria Luisa Dettori Michele Pazzola Antonia Noce Vincenzo Landi Giuseppe Massimo Vacca |
| author_sort | Maria Luisa Dettori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs mapping to the four casein genes <i>CSN1S1</i>, <i>CSN2</i>, <i>CSN1S2,</i> and <i>CSN3</i>. Genotyping (made by KASP™ genotyping assay, based on competitive allele-specific PCR) revealed the high variability of the Sarda goat, and haplotype analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) between <i>CSN1S1</i> and <i>CSN2</i> genes, in addition to two LD blocks within the <i>CSN1S2</i> and two LD blocks within the <i>CSN3</i> gene, in bucks and does. Association analysis revealed that variability at all four casein genes was associated with milk protein content, total solids, and milk energy. The three Ca-sensitive casein genes were associated with lipid content, and <i>CSN1S2</i> showed a unique pattern, with intron variants associated with milk yield, in addition to milk pH, NaCl, and SCS (Somatic Cell Score). This information might prove useful in selection schemes and in future investigations aiming to better understand the biology of lactation, and the direct link between genotype and phenotype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:12:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ea0c6095198430e84bd455113f47ea6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:12:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ea0c6095198430e84bd455113f47ea62024-01-10T14:50:07ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-12-011415610.3390/ani14010056Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk YieldMaria Luisa Dettori0Michele Pazzola1Antonia Noce2Vincenzo Landi3Giuseppe Massimo Vacca4Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyCentre de Recerca Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainDipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, ItalyDipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyThis work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs mapping to the four casein genes <i>CSN1S1</i>, <i>CSN2</i>, <i>CSN1S2,</i> and <i>CSN3</i>. Genotyping (made by KASP™ genotyping assay, based on competitive allele-specific PCR) revealed the high variability of the Sarda goat, and haplotype analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) between <i>CSN1S1</i> and <i>CSN2</i> genes, in addition to two LD blocks within the <i>CSN1S2</i> and two LD blocks within the <i>CSN3</i> gene, in bucks and does. Association analysis revealed that variability at all four casein genes was associated with milk protein content, total solids, and milk energy. The three Ca-sensitive casein genes were associated with lipid content, and <i>CSN1S2</i> showed a unique pattern, with intron variants associated with milk yield, in addition to milk pH, NaCl, and SCS (Somatic Cell Score). This information might prove useful in selection schemes and in future investigations aiming to better understand the biology of lactation, and the direct link between genotype and phenotype.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/56casein gene clustersarda goatcapra hircusdairy goatmilk traits<i>CSN1S1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Maria Luisa Dettori Michele Pazzola Antonia Noce Vincenzo Landi Giuseppe Massimo Vacca Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield Animals casein gene cluster sarda goat capra hircus dairy goat milk traits <i>CSN1S1</i> |
| title | Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield |
| title_full | Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield |
| title_fullStr | Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield |
| title_short | Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>), with an Important Role of <i>CSN1S2</i> for Milk Yield |
| title_sort | variations in casein genes are associated with milk protein and fat contents in sarda goats i capra hircus i with an important role of i csn1s2 i for milk yield |
| topic | casein gene cluster sarda goat capra hircus dairy goat milk traits <i>CSN1S1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/56 |
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