Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses
For both the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass systems, <i>γ</i>-ray and neutron attenuation quali...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2265 |
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| author | Gandham Lakshminarayana Youssef Elmahroug Ashok Kumar Huseyin Ozan Tekin Najeh Rekik Mengge Dong Dong-Eun Lee Jonghun Yoon Taejoon Park |
| author_facet | Gandham Lakshminarayana Youssef Elmahroug Ashok Kumar Huseyin Ozan Tekin Najeh Rekik Mengge Dong Dong-Eun Lee Jonghun Yoon Taejoon Park |
| author_sort | Gandham Lakshminarayana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For both the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass systems, <i>γ</i>-ray and neutron attenuation qualities were evaluated. Utilizing the Phy-X/PSD program, within the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, linear attenuation coefficients (µ) and mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were calculated, and the attained μ/ρ quantities match well with respective simulation results computed by MCNPX, Geant4, and Penelope codes. Instead of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CaO or B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SrO, the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition causes improved <i>γ</i>-ray shielding competence, i.e., rise in effective atomic number (<i>Z<sub>eff</sub></i>) and a fall in half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Exposure buildup factors (EBFs) and energy absorption buildup factors (EABFs) were derived using a geometric progression (G–P) fitting approach at 1–40 mfp penetration depths (PDs), within the 0.015–15 MeV range. Computed radiation protection efficiency (RPE) values confirm their excellent capacity for lower energy photons shielding. Comparably greater density (7.59 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), larger μ, μ/ρ, <i>Z<sub>eff</sub></i>, equivalent atomic number (<i>Z<sub>eq</sub></i>), and RPE, with the lowest HVL, TVL, MFP, EBFs, and EABFs derived for 30B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-60Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-10SrO (mol%) glass suggest it as an excellent <i>γ</i>-ray attenuator. Additionally, 30B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-60Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-10SrO (mol%) glass holds a commensurably bigger macroscopic removal cross-section for fast neutrons (<i>Σ<sub>R</sub></i>) (=0.1199 cm<sup>−1</sup>), obtained by applying Phy-X/PSD for fast neutrons shielding, owing to the presence of larger wt% of ‘Bi’ (80.6813 wt%) and moderate ‘B’ (2.0869 wt%) elements in it. 70B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-5Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-25CaO (mol%) sample (B: 17.5887 wt%, Bi: 24.2855 wt%, Ca: 11.6436 wt%, and O: 46.4821 wt%) shows high potentiality for thermal or slow neutrons and intermediate energy neutrons capture or absorption due to comprised high wt% of ‘B’ element in it. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:54:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ea1442613e34b9fac1979d0182bcd52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:54:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ea1442613e34b9fac1979d0182bcd522023-11-21T17:25:48ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-04-01149226510.3390/ma14092265Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate GlassesGandham Lakshminarayana0Youssef Elmahroug1Ashok Kumar2Huseyin Ozan Tekin3Najeh Rekik4Mengge Dong5Dong-Eun Lee6Jonghun Yoon7Taejoon Park8Intelligent Construction Automation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaUnité de Recherche de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaDepartment of Physics, University College, Benra-Dhuri, Punjab 148024, IndiaMedical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Resource and Environment, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Architecture, Civil, Environment and Energy, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangyeok-dong, Buk-gu, DaeGu 702-701, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaFor both the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass systems, <i>γ</i>-ray and neutron attenuation qualities were evaluated. Utilizing the Phy-X/PSD program, within the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, linear attenuation coefficients (µ) and mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were calculated, and the attained μ/ρ quantities match well with respective simulation results computed by MCNPX, Geant4, and Penelope codes. Instead of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CaO or B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SrO, the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition causes improved <i>γ</i>-ray shielding competence, i.e., rise in effective atomic number (<i>Z<sub>eff</sub></i>) and a fall in half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Exposure buildup factors (EBFs) and energy absorption buildup factors (EABFs) were derived using a geometric progression (G–P) fitting approach at 1–40 mfp penetration depths (PDs), within the 0.015–15 MeV range. Computed radiation protection efficiency (RPE) values confirm their excellent capacity for lower energy photons shielding. Comparably greater density (7.59 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), larger μ, μ/ρ, <i>Z<sub>eff</sub></i>, equivalent atomic number (<i>Z<sub>eq</sub></i>), and RPE, with the lowest HVL, TVL, MFP, EBFs, and EABFs derived for 30B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-60Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-10SrO (mol%) glass suggest it as an excellent <i>γ</i>-ray attenuator. Additionally, 30B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-60Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-10SrO (mol%) glass holds a commensurably bigger macroscopic removal cross-section for fast neutrons (<i>Σ<sub>R</sub></i>) (=0.1199 cm<sup>−1</sup>), obtained by applying Phy-X/PSD for fast neutrons shielding, owing to the presence of larger wt% of ‘Bi’ (80.6813 wt%) and moderate ‘B’ (2.0869 wt%) elements in it. 70B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-5Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-25CaO (mol%) sample (B: 17.5887 wt%, Bi: 24.2855 wt%, Ca: 11.6436 wt%, and O: 46.4821 wt%) shows high potentiality for thermal or slow neutrons and intermediate energy neutrons capture or absorption due to comprised high wt% of ‘B’ element in it.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2265B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO glassB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass<i>γ</i>- and neutron radiationPhy-X/PSD softwarePENELOPE coderadiation protection efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Gandham Lakshminarayana Youssef Elmahroug Ashok Kumar Huseyin Ozan Tekin Najeh Rekik Mengge Dong Dong-Eun Lee Jonghun Yoon Taejoon Park Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses Materials B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO glass B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass <i>γ</i>- and neutron radiation Phy-X/PSD software PENELOPE code radiation protection efficiency |
| title | Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses |
| title_full | Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses |
| title_fullStr | Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses |
| title_short | Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses |
| title_sort | detailed inspection of i γ i ray fast and thermal neutrons shielding competence of calcium oxide or strontium oxide comprising bismuth borate glasses |
| topic | B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO glass B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SrO glass <i>γ</i>- and neutron radiation Phy-X/PSD software PENELOPE code radiation protection efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2265 |
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