Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus
It has been reported that some phase-polyphenic insects from high-density conditions are more resistant to pathogens than those from low-density conditions. This phenomenon is termed “density-dependent prophylaxis” (DDP). However, whether non phase-polyphenic insects exhibit DDP has rarely been eluc...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/857 |
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| author | Hailong Kong Zhonglin Liu Pingjun Yang Lin Yuan Wanghui Jing Chuanlei Dong Minyuan Zheng Zhen Tian Qiuli Hou Shude Zhu |
| author_facet | Hailong Kong Zhonglin Liu Pingjun Yang Lin Yuan Wanghui Jing Chuanlei Dong Minyuan Zheng Zhen Tian Qiuli Hou Shude Zhu |
| author_sort | Hailong Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been reported that some phase-polyphenic insects from high-density conditions are more resistant to pathogens than those from low-density conditions. This phenomenon is termed “density-dependent prophylaxis” (DDP). However, whether non phase-polyphenic insects exhibit DDP has rarely been elucidated. The diamondback moth (DBM), <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, one of the most destructive insect pests affecting cruciferous crops, is non phase-polyphenic. In this study, the resistance of DBM larvae to <i>P. xylostella</i> granulosis virus (<i>Plxy</i> GV) and their immune response to the virus when reared at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 larvae per Petri dish were investigated under laboratory conditions. Compared with larvae reared at lower densities, larvae reared at moderate density showed a significantly higher survival rate, but the survival rate significantly decreased with further increases in rearing density. Furthermore, the phenoloxidase, lysozyme and antibacterial activity and total hemocyte count in the hemolymph of the larvae, regardless of whether they were challenged with the virus, from different larval densities corresponded to the observed differences in resistance to <i>Plxy</i> GV. These results demonstrated that <i>P. xylostella</i> larvae exhibited DDP within a certain limited density. This study may help to elucidate the biocontrol effect of different density populations of <i>P. xylostella</i> by granulosis virus and guide improvements in future management strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ea92f7b316d4bf89cc9a838e15433aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ea92f7b316d4bf89cc9a838e15433aa2023-11-20T23:14:26ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-12-01111285710.3390/insects11120857Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis VirusHailong Kong0Zhonglin Liu1Pingjun Yang2Lin Yuan3Wanghui Jing4Chuanlei Dong5Minyuan Zheng6Zhen Tian7Qiuli Hou8Shude Zhu9College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaSuzhou Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Stadium Road, NO. 4, Suzhou 215006, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaIt has been reported that some phase-polyphenic insects from high-density conditions are more resistant to pathogens than those from low-density conditions. This phenomenon is termed “density-dependent prophylaxis” (DDP). However, whether non phase-polyphenic insects exhibit DDP has rarely been elucidated. The diamondback moth (DBM), <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, one of the most destructive insect pests affecting cruciferous crops, is non phase-polyphenic. In this study, the resistance of DBM larvae to <i>P. xylostella</i> granulosis virus (<i>Plxy</i> GV) and their immune response to the virus when reared at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 larvae per Petri dish were investigated under laboratory conditions. Compared with larvae reared at lower densities, larvae reared at moderate density showed a significantly higher survival rate, but the survival rate significantly decreased with further increases in rearing density. Furthermore, the phenoloxidase, lysozyme and antibacterial activity and total hemocyte count in the hemolymph of the larvae, regardless of whether they were challenged with the virus, from different larval densities corresponded to the observed differences in resistance to <i>Plxy</i> GV. These results demonstrated that <i>P. xylostella</i> larvae exhibited DDP within a certain limited density. This study may help to elucidate the biocontrol effect of different density populations of <i>P. xylostella</i> by granulosis virus and guide improvements in future management strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/857<i>Plutella xylostella</i>larval densitygranulosis viruslarval resistanceimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Hailong Kong Zhonglin Liu Pingjun Yang Lin Yuan Wanghui Jing Chuanlei Dong Minyuan Zheng Zhen Tian Qiuli Hou Shude Zhu Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus Insects <i>Plutella xylostella</i> larval density granulosis virus larval resistance immune response |
| title | Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus |
| title_full | Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus |
| title_short | Effects of Larval Density on <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Resistance to Granulosis Virus |
| title_sort | effects of larval density on i plutella xylostella i resistance to granulosis virus |
| topic | <i>Plutella xylostella</i> larval density granulosis virus larval resistance immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/857 |
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