Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean
Root morphological traits (RMTs) profoundly influence plant growth, resilience to abiotic stresses, and yield in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>). In a comprehensive study spanning two consecutive years (2021–2022), the RMTs were assessed in 216 soybean accessions from 34 diverse origins. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2666 |
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| author | Waleed Khan Stanley Ahamefula Amos Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Amit Ghimire Liny Lay Yoonha Kim |
| author_facet | Waleed Khan Stanley Ahamefula Amos Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Amit Ghimire Liny Lay Yoonha Kim |
| author_sort | Waleed Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Root morphological traits (RMTs) profoundly influence plant growth, resilience to abiotic stresses, and yield in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>). In a comprehensive study spanning two consecutive years (2021–2022), the RMTs were assessed in 216 soybean accessions from 34 diverse origins. The investigation involved randomized batches with plants cultivated in PVC pipes filled with horticultural soil and harvested at the V2 growth stage. All the germplasms exhibited significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in all measured traits, i.e., total root length (TRL), root volume (RV), average diameter (AD), number of tips (NT), number of forks (NF), and tertiary total length (TTL). Among the top 5% performers in TRL, which, interestingly, were exclusively of Korean origin, germplasm IT115491 displayed an impressive average TRL value of 1426.24 cm. Notably, germplasms from Serbia and Korea predominantly occupied the upper AD quantile, with IT156262 exhibiting the highest AD value of 0.57 mm. A correlation analysis showed strong positive associations of TRL with RV (<i>r</i> = 0.85), NT (<i>r</i> = 0.84), NF (<i>r</i> = 0.96), and TTL (<i>r</i> = 0.88), whereas it had a negative association with AD (<i>r</i> = −0.25). A principal component analysis (PCA) showed a cumulative 95% of the total variance in the data in the first three principal components (PCs). PC1 (eigenvalue = 4.64) accounted for a 77.00% variance, with TRL, RV, NF, NT, and TTL exhibiting the highest associated eigenvectors. K-means clustering was performed with three clusters. Cluster 2 contained accessions with higher AD values, whereas Cluster 3 comprised accessions with increased TRL, NT, NF, and TTL, which mostly originated from Korea. Our findings offer targeted insights for plant breeders to optimize specific root traits and enhance crop performance across diverse environmental conditions by strategically targeting these clusters. Additionally, the influence of cultivar origin on root traits warrants further investigation, with implications for future breeding programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:30:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8eb63520c8a348b2b6e74206ed6cb170 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:30:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8eb63520c8a348b2b6e74206ed6cb1702023-11-19T15:23:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-10-011310266610.3390/agronomy13102666Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated SoybeanWaleed Khan0Stanley Ahamefula Amos1Mohammad Shafiqul Islam2Amit Ghimire3Liny Lay4Yoonha Kim5Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaRoot morphological traits (RMTs) profoundly influence plant growth, resilience to abiotic stresses, and yield in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>). In a comprehensive study spanning two consecutive years (2021–2022), the RMTs were assessed in 216 soybean accessions from 34 diverse origins. The investigation involved randomized batches with plants cultivated in PVC pipes filled with horticultural soil and harvested at the V2 growth stage. All the germplasms exhibited significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in all measured traits, i.e., total root length (TRL), root volume (RV), average diameter (AD), number of tips (NT), number of forks (NF), and tertiary total length (TTL). Among the top 5% performers in TRL, which, interestingly, were exclusively of Korean origin, germplasm IT115491 displayed an impressive average TRL value of 1426.24 cm. Notably, germplasms from Serbia and Korea predominantly occupied the upper AD quantile, with IT156262 exhibiting the highest AD value of 0.57 mm. A correlation analysis showed strong positive associations of TRL with RV (<i>r</i> = 0.85), NT (<i>r</i> = 0.84), NF (<i>r</i> = 0.96), and TTL (<i>r</i> = 0.88), whereas it had a negative association with AD (<i>r</i> = −0.25). A principal component analysis (PCA) showed a cumulative 95% of the total variance in the data in the first three principal components (PCs). PC1 (eigenvalue = 4.64) accounted for a 77.00% variance, with TRL, RV, NF, NT, and TTL exhibiting the highest associated eigenvectors. K-means clustering was performed with three clusters. Cluster 2 contained accessions with higher AD values, whereas Cluster 3 comprised accessions with increased TRL, NT, NF, and TTL, which mostly originated from Korea. Our findings offer targeted insights for plant breeders to optimize specific root traits and enhance crop performance across diverse environmental conditions by strategically targeting these clusters. Additionally, the influence of cultivar origin on root traits warrants further investigation, with implications for future breeding programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2666soybean <i>(Glycine max)</i>germplasmroot morphological traits (RMTs)plant breeding2D root imagingWinRHIZO |
| spellingShingle | Waleed Khan Stanley Ahamefula Amos Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Amit Ghimire Liny Lay Yoonha Kim Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean Agronomy soybean <i>(Glycine max)</i> germplasm root morphological traits (RMTs) plant breeding 2D root imaging WinRHIZO |
| title | Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean |
| title_full | Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean |
| title_short | Exploring the Root Morphological Traits of Diverse-Origin Cultivated Soybean |
| title_sort | exploring the root morphological traits of diverse origin cultivated soybean |
| topic | soybean <i>(Glycine max)</i> germplasm root morphological traits (RMTs) plant breeding 2D root imaging WinRHIZO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2666 |
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