A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages
The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the begi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/10/2912 |
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| author | Mattia Spano Giacomo Di Matteo Cinzia Ingallina Bruno Botta Deborah Quaglio Francesca Ghirga Silvia Balducci Silvia Cammarone Enio Campiglia Anna Maria Giusti Giuliana Vinci Mattia Rapa Salvatore Ciano Luisa Mannina Anatoly P. Sobolev |
| author_facet | Mattia Spano Giacomo Di Matteo Cinzia Ingallina Bruno Botta Deborah Quaglio Francesca Ghirga Silvia Balducci Silvia Cammarone Enio Campiglia Anna Maria Giusti Giuliana Vinci Mattia Rapa Salvatore Ciano Luisa Mannina Anatoly P. Sobolev |
| author_sort | Mattia Spano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering to end of flowering/beginning of seed formation, using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and targeted (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and spectrophotometry) analyses. The tetrahydrocannabinol content was always below the legal limits (<0.6%) in all the analyzed samples. The NMR metabolite profile (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and minor compounds) subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) showed a strong variability according to the harvesting stages: samples harvested in stage I were characterized by a high content of sucrose and myo-inositol, whereas the ones harvested in stage II showed high levels of succinic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Samples harvested in stage III were characterized by high levels of glucose, fructose, choline, trigonelline, malic acid, formic acid, and some amino acids. The ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids content indicated that all plants grew up exposed to the sun, the Eletta Campana cultivar having the highest pigment amount. Tiborszallasi cultivar showed the highest polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was generally observed in stage II. All these results suggested that the <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. inflorescences of each analyzed dioecious hemp cultivar presented a peculiar chemical profile affected by the harvesting stage. This information could be useful for producers and industries to harvest inflorescences in the appropriate stage to obtain samples with a peculiar chemical profile suitable for proper applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ec66b9af4b640d1a162817a6f109672 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ec66b9af4b640d1a162817a6f1096722023-11-21T19:41:40ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-05-012610291210.3390/molecules26102912A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting StagesMattia Spano0Giacomo Di Matteo1Cinzia Ingallina2Bruno Botta3Deborah Quaglio4Francesca Ghirga5Silvia Balducci6Silvia Cammarone7Enio Campiglia8Anna Maria Giusti9Giuliana Vinci10Mattia Rapa11Salvatore Ciano12Luisa Mannina13Anatoly P. Sobolev14Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyInstitute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, ItalyThe chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering to end of flowering/beginning of seed formation, using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and targeted (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and spectrophotometry) analyses. The tetrahydrocannabinol content was always below the legal limits (<0.6%) in all the analyzed samples. The NMR metabolite profile (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and minor compounds) subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) showed a strong variability according to the harvesting stages: samples harvested in stage I were characterized by a high content of sucrose and myo-inositol, whereas the ones harvested in stage II showed high levels of succinic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Samples harvested in stage III were characterized by high levels of glucose, fructose, choline, trigonelline, malic acid, formic acid, and some amino acids. The ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids content indicated that all plants grew up exposed to the sun, the Eletta Campana cultivar having the highest pigment amount. Tiborszallasi cultivar showed the highest polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was generally observed in stage II. All these results suggested that the <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. inflorescences of each analyzed dioecious hemp cultivar presented a peculiar chemical profile affected by the harvesting stage. This information could be useful for producers and industries to harvest inflorescences in the appropriate stage to obtain samples with a peculiar chemical profile suitable for proper applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/10/2912industrial hempdioecious cultivarsinflorescencesphenological growth stagescannabinoidsmetabolite profile |
| spellingShingle | Mattia Spano Giacomo Di Matteo Cinzia Ingallina Bruno Botta Deborah Quaglio Francesca Ghirga Silvia Balducci Silvia Cammarone Enio Campiglia Anna Maria Giusti Giuliana Vinci Mattia Rapa Salvatore Ciano Luisa Mannina Anatoly P. Sobolev A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages Molecules industrial hemp dioecious cultivars inflorescences phenological growth stages cannabinoids metabolite profile |
| title | A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
| title_full | A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
| title_fullStr | A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
| title_short | A Multimethodological Characterization of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
| title_sort | multimethodological characterization of i cannabis sativa i l inflorescences from seven dioecious cultivars grown in italy the effect of different harvesting stages |
| topic | industrial hemp dioecious cultivars inflorescences phenological growth stages cannabinoids metabolite profile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/10/2912 |
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