Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment
Urbanization, industrialization and other human-related activities discharge various inorganic and organic toxic compounds into the environment. Many physical, chemical and biological methods have been practiced, to treat contaminated wastewater: among these, the biological method of wastewater trea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3784 |
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| author | Prateek Gururani Pooja Bhatnagar Vinod Kumar Mikhail S. Vlaskin Anatoly V. Grigorenko |
| author_facet | Prateek Gururani Pooja Bhatnagar Vinod Kumar Mikhail S. Vlaskin Anatoly V. Grigorenko |
| author_sort | Prateek Gururani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urbanization, industrialization and other human-related activities discharge various inorganic and organic toxic compounds into the environment. Many physical, chemical and biological methods have been practiced, to treat contaminated wastewater: among these, the biological method of wastewater treatment by utilizing algae has been reviewed widely. However, the removal efficacy of algae monoculture is low, as compared to the algae consortium systems. The presence of microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria in wastewater can establish various relationships, such as mutualism or symbiosis with algae, which help in the removal of various organic and inorganic compounds from wastewater, thus acting as a wastewater treatment system. Heterotrophic microorganisms can segregate natural organic matter, which is released by algae in the form of dissolved organic carbon, and releases carbon dioxide, which is utilized by algae for photosynthesis. In accordance with existing studies, microalgal consortiums with bacteria or fungi occurring naturally or crafted artificially can be utilized for wastewater treatment; therefore, the present review provides an outline of the symbiotic relationships between algae and other microorganisms, and their applications in wastewater treatment. Various mechanisms—such as mutualism, commensalism and parasitism—for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater by consortium systems have been elucidated in this review; moreover, this review addresses the challenges that are restricting large-scale implementation of these consortiums, thus demanding more research to enable enhanced commercialization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8eca543d6f46450aacefb89e0f328999 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-8eca543d6f46450aacefb89e0f3289992023-11-24T10:22:59ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011422378410.3390/w14223784Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater TreatmentPrateek Gururani0Pooja Bhatnagar1Vinod Kumar2Mikhail S. Vlaskin3Anatoly V. Grigorenko4Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaAlgal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaAlgal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaJoint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, RussiaJoint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, RussiaUrbanization, industrialization and other human-related activities discharge various inorganic and organic toxic compounds into the environment. Many physical, chemical and biological methods have been practiced, to treat contaminated wastewater: among these, the biological method of wastewater treatment by utilizing algae has been reviewed widely. However, the removal efficacy of algae monoculture is low, as compared to the algae consortium systems. The presence of microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria in wastewater can establish various relationships, such as mutualism or symbiosis with algae, which help in the removal of various organic and inorganic compounds from wastewater, thus acting as a wastewater treatment system. Heterotrophic microorganisms can segregate natural organic matter, which is released by algae in the form of dissolved organic carbon, and releases carbon dioxide, which is utilized by algae for photosynthesis. In accordance with existing studies, microalgal consortiums with bacteria or fungi occurring naturally or crafted artificially can be utilized for wastewater treatment; therefore, the present review provides an outline of the symbiotic relationships between algae and other microorganisms, and their applications in wastewater treatment. Various mechanisms—such as mutualism, commensalism and parasitism—for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater by consortium systems have been elucidated in this review; moreover, this review addresses the challenges that are restricting large-scale implementation of these consortiums, thus demanding more research to enable enhanced commercialization.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3784wastewater treatmentalgaealgae–bacteria consortiumalgae–fungi consortium |
| spellingShingle | Prateek Gururani Pooja Bhatnagar Vinod Kumar Mikhail S. Vlaskin Anatoly V. Grigorenko Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment Water wastewater treatment algae algae–bacteria consortium algae–fungi consortium |
| title | Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment |
| title_full | Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment |
| title_short | Algal Consortiums: A Novel and Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment |
| title_sort | algal consortiums a novel and integrated approach for wastewater treatment |
| topic | wastewater treatment algae algae–bacteria consortium algae–fungi consortium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3784 |
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