Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i>
The fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest highly damaging to maize and other food crops in Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Chemical pesticides not only have often proved to be unsuccessful, but cause adverse effects on the envi...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/8/2104 |
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| author | Fatoumatou Fofana Corentin Descombes Assiri Patrice Kouamé François Lefort |
| author_facet | Fatoumatou Fofana Corentin Descombes Assiri Patrice Kouamé François Lefort |
| author_sort | Fatoumatou Fofana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest highly damaging to maize and other food crops in Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Chemical pesticides not only have often proved to be unsuccessful, but cause adverse effects on the environment and human health; therefore, entomopathogenic fungi could represent an alternative biocontrol solution. Against this background, fungi were isolated from soil samples collected in maize fields in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire, by the methods of soil dilution and baiting with <i>Galleria mellonella</i>. The resulting 86 fungal isolates were phenotypically and genetically identified. The pathogenicity of seven isolates of <i>Metarhizium</i> spp., three isolates of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and two isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. was evaluated on fifth instar larvae (L5) of <i>G. mellonella</i>. Larval mortality rates and the median lethal time (LT<sub>50</sub>) were determined seven days after inoculation for each of these selected isolates. The median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) was determined for a selection of isolates. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> isolate A214b was the most effective, causing 100% mortality, with an LT<sub>50</sub> of 2.64 days and an LC<sub>50</sub> of 1.12 × 10<sup>4</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. Two other promising isolates, A211 and A214a, belonging to <i>B. bassiana,</i> caused 100% mortality with LT<sub>50</sub> values of 3.44 and 4.04 days, respectively. Mortality caused by <i>Metarhizium</i> isolates varied from 65.38% to 100%, with <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> isolate T331 causing 100% mortality with an LT<sub>50</sub> of 3.08 days at an LC<sub>50</sub> of 3.33 × 10<sup>4</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. isolates were the least pathogenic ones. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Metarhizium</i> isolates showed to be virulent against the model Lepidopteran <i>G. mellonella</i> and will be tested on <i>S. frugiperda</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:42:50Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ecdb88c60b5493c8000fa5e9aa8f7f22023-11-19T02:19:19ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-08-01118210410.3390/microorganisms11082104Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i>Fatoumatou Fofana0Corentin Descombes1Assiri Patrice Kouamé2François Lefort3Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 Route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, SwitzerlandPlants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 Route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, SwitzerlandFaculty of Natural Sciences, University Nangui Abrogoua, 02 B.P. 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’IvoirePlants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 150 Route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, SwitzerlandThe fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest highly damaging to maize and other food crops in Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Chemical pesticides not only have often proved to be unsuccessful, but cause adverse effects on the environment and human health; therefore, entomopathogenic fungi could represent an alternative biocontrol solution. Against this background, fungi were isolated from soil samples collected in maize fields in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire, by the methods of soil dilution and baiting with <i>Galleria mellonella</i>. The resulting 86 fungal isolates were phenotypically and genetically identified. The pathogenicity of seven isolates of <i>Metarhizium</i> spp., three isolates of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and two isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. was evaluated on fifth instar larvae (L5) of <i>G. mellonella</i>. Larval mortality rates and the median lethal time (LT<sub>50</sub>) were determined seven days after inoculation for each of these selected isolates. The median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) was determined for a selection of isolates. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> isolate A214b was the most effective, causing 100% mortality, with an LT<sub>50</sub> of 2.64 days and an LC<sub>50</sub> of 1.12 × 10<sup>4</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. Two other promising isolates, A211 and A214a, belonging to <i>B. bassiana,</i> caused 100% mortality with LT<sub>50</sub> values of 3.44 and 4.04 days, respectively. Mortality caused by <i>Metarhizium</i> isolates varied from 65.38% to 100%, with <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> isolate T331 causing 100% mortality with an LT<sub>50</sub> of 3.08 days at an LC<sub>50</sub> of 3.33 × 10<sup>4</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. isolates were the least pathogenic ones. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Metarhizium</i> isolates showed to be virulent against the model Lepidopteran <i>G. mellonella</i> and will be tested on <i>S. frugiperda</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/8/2104<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>biological control<i>Galleria mellonella</i>fall armyworm<i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i><i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> |
| spellingShingle | Fatoumatou Fofana Corentin Descombes Assiri Patrice Kouamé François Lefort Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> Microorganisms <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> biological control <i>Galleria mellonella</i> fall armyworm <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> |
| title | Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full | Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_fullStr | Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_short | Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effects of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Côte d’Ivoire on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_sort | isolation identification and evaluation of the effects of native entomopathogenic fungi from cote d ivoire on i galleria mellonella i |
| topic | <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> biological control <i>Galleria mellonella</i> fall armyworm <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/8/2104 |
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