Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes
A significant amount of work on electrochemical energy storage focuses mainly on current lithium-ion systems with the key markets being portable and transportation applications. There is a great demand for storing higher capacity (mAh/g) and energy density (Wh/kg) of the electrode material for elect...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1878 |
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| author | Baladev Ash Venkata Swamy Nalajala Ashok Kumar Popuri Tondepu Subbaiah Manickam Minakshi |
| author_facet | Baladev Ash Venkata Swamy Nalajala Ashok Kumar Popuri Tondepu Subbaiah Manickam Minakshi |
| author_sort | Baladev Ash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A significant amount of work on electrochemical energy storage focuses mainly on current lithium-ion systems with the key markets being portable and transportation applications. There is a great demand for storing higher capacity (mAh/g) and energy density (Wh/kg) of the electrode material for electronic and vehicle applications. However, for stationary applications, where weight is not as critical, nickel-metal hydride (Mi-MH) technologies can be considered with tolerance to deep discharge conditions. Nickel hydroxide has gained importance as it is used as the positive electrode in nickel-metal hydride and other rechargeable batteries such as Ni-Fe and Ni-Cd systems. Nickel hydroxide is manufactured industrially by chemical methods under controlled conditions. However, the electrochemical route is relatively better than the chemical counterpart. In the electrochemical route, a well-regulated OH<sup>−</sup> is generated at the cathode forming nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) through controlling and optimizing the current density. It produces nickel hydroxide of better purity with an appropriate particle size, well-oriented morphology, structure, et cetera, and this approach is found to be environmentally friendly. The structures of the nickel hydroxide and its production technologies are presented. The mechanisms of product formation in both chemical and electrochemical preparation of nickel hydroxide have been presented along with the feasibility of producing pure nickel hydroxide in this review. An advanced Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-polymer embedded electrode has been reported in the literature but may not be suitable for scalable electrochemical methods. To the best of our knowledge, no such insights on the Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> synthesis route for battery applications has been presented in the literature. |
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| format | Article |
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| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:12:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ee029fff112482fbd45518c47963b842023-11-20T14:19:40ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-09-01109187810.3390/nano10091878Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis RoutesBaladev Ash0Venkata Swamy Nalajala1Ashok Kumar Popuri2Tondepu Subbaiah3Manickam Minakshi4Department of Chemistry, M.P.C. (Autonomous) College, Baripada, Odisha 757003, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR (Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research), Vadlamudi 522 213, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR (Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research), Vadlamudi 522 213, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR (Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research), Vadlamudi 522 213, IndiaCollege of Science, Health, Engineering & Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, AustraliaA significant amount of work on electrochemical energy storage focuses mainly on current lithium-ion systems with the key markets being portable and transportation applications. There is a great demand for storing higher capacity (mAh/g) and energy density (Wh/kg) of the electrode material for electronic and vehicle applications. However, for stationary applications, where weight is not as critical, nickel-metal hydride (Mi-MH) technologies can be considered with tolerance to deep discharge conditions. Nickel hydroxide has gained importance as it is used as the positive electrode in nickel-metal hydride and other rechargeable batteries such as Ni-Fe and Ni-Cd systems. Nickel hydroxide is manufactured industrially by chemical methods under controlled conditions. However, the electrochemical route is relatively better than the chemical counterpart. In the electrochemical route, a well-regulated OH<sup>−</sup> is generated at the cathode forming nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) through controlling and optimizing the current density. It produces nickel hydroxide of better purity with an appropriate particle size, well-oriented morphology, structure, et cetera, and this approach is found to be environmentally friendly. The structures of the nickel hydroxide and its production technologies are presented. The mechanisms of product formation in both chemical and electrochemical preparation of nickel hydroxide have been presented along with the feasibility of producing pure nickel hydroxide in this review. An advanced Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-polymer embedded electrode has been reported in the literature but may not be suitable for scalable electrochemical methods. To the best of our knowledge, no such insights on the Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> synthesis route for battery applications has been presented in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1878battery gradenickel hydroxidebatteryenergy storageelectrochemical |
| spellingShingle | Baladev Ash Venkata Swamy Nalajala Ashok Kumar Popuri Tondepu Subbaiah Manickam Minakshi Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes Nanomaterials battery grade nickel hydroxide battery energy storage electrochemical |
| title | Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes |
| title_full | Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes |
| title_fullStr | Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes |
| title_short | Perspectives on Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes Suitable for Rechargeable Batteries: Electrolytic vs. Chemical Synthesis Routes |
| title_sort | perspectives on nickel hydroxide electrodes suitable for rechargeable batteries electrolytic vs chemical synthesis routes |
| topic | battery grade nickel hydroxide battery energy storage electrochemical |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1878 |
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