| Summary: | Fluid therapy is a core concept in the management of perioperative patients for maintenance of intravascular volume and organ perfusion. The aim of perioperative fluid therapy is to keep patients at all times in the optimal volume loading, due to both hypovolemia and volume overload may cause organ dysfunction. Intravenous fluid is a drug and because of that, timing and dose is important. 'Liberal' or 'restrictive' strategies and crystalloid or colloid solutions are the unsolved controversies. The term 'restriction' is commonly interpreted to imply hypovolemia, whereas it may simply represent avoidance of the fluid excess seen in the 'liberal' group. The aim of goal-directed fluid therapy is to guide fluid and pharmacological (inotrope) therapy, by using flow-directed hemodynamic parameters, to maintain adequate tissue blood flow, circulating volume, and oxygen delivery. In order to minimize the complications related to fluid administration, preventive strategies and prompt treatments are of utmost importance.
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