Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues
Old world monkeys separated from the great apes, including the ancestor of humans, about 25 million years ago, but most of the genes in humans and various nonhuman primates are quite similar even though their anatomical appearances are quite different. Like other mammals, primates have four tropomyo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Biochemistry Research International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1303500 |
| _version_ | 1811171046058885120 |
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| author | Dipak K. Dube Syamalima Dube Lynn Abbott Omar Elsekaily Samender S. Randhawa Jean M. Sanger Joseph W. Sanger Bernard J. Poiesz |
| author_facet | Dipak K. Dube Syamalima Dube Lynn Abbott Omar Elsekaily Samender S. Randhawa Jean M. Sanger Joseph W. Sanger Bernard J. Poiesz |
| author_sort | Dipak K. Dube |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Old world monkeys separated from the great apes, including the ancestor of humans, about 25 million years ago, but most of the genes in humans and various nonhuman primates are quite similar even though their anatomical appearances are quite different. Like other mammals, primates have four tropomyosin genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which generates a multitude of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing. Only TPM1 produces two sarcomeric isoforms (TPM1α and TPM1κ), and TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 each generate one sarcomeric isoform. We have cloned and sequenced TPM1α, TPM1κ, TPM2α, TPM3α, and TPM4α with RNA from cynomolgus (Cyn) monkey hearts and skeletal muscle. We believe this is the first report of directly cloning and sequencing of these monkey transcripts. In the Cyn monkey heart, the rank order of TPM isoform expression is TPM1α > TPM2α > TPM1κ > TPM3α > TPM4α. In the Cyn monkey skeletal muscle, the rank order of expression is TPM1α > TPM2α > TPM3α > TPM1κ > TPM4α. The major differences in the human heart are the increased expression of TPM1κ, although TPM1α is still the dominant transcript. In the Cyn monkey heart, the only sarcomeric TPM isoform at the protein level is TPM1α. This is in contrast to human hearts where TPM1α is the major sarcomeric isoform but a lower quantity of TPM1κ, TPM2α, and TPM3α is also detected at the protein level. These differences of tropomyosin and/or other cardiac protein expression in human and Cyn monkey hearts may reflect the differences in physiological activities in daily life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:07:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8eefe52c622142ddade188d9f4c77d4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-2255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:07:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochemistry Research International |
| spelling | doaj.art-8eefe52c622142ddade188d9f4c77d4c2023-02-06T01:40:33ZengHindawi LimitedBiochemistry Research International2090-22552023-01-01202310.1155/2023/1303500Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human TissuesDipak K. Dube0Syamalima Dube1Lynn Abbott2Omar Elsekaily3Samender S. Randhawa4Jean M. Sanger5Joseph W. Sanger6Bernard J. Poiesz7Department of MedicineDepartment of MedicineDepartment of MedicineDepartment of MedicineDepartment of MedicineDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyDepartment of MedicineOld world monkeys separated from the great apes, including the ancestor of humans, about 25 million years ago, but most of the genes in humans and various nonhuman primates are quite similar even though their anatomical appearances are quite different. Like other mammals, primates have four tropomyosin genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which generates a multitude of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing. Only TPM1 produces two sarcomeric isoforms (TPM1α and TPM1κ), and TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 each generate one sarcomeric isoform. We have cloned and sequenced TPM1α, TPM1κ, TPM2α, TPM3α, and TPM4α with RNA from cynomolgus (Cyn) monkey hearts and skeletal muscle. We believe this is the first report of directly cloning and sequencing of these monkey transcripts. In the Cyn monkey heart, the rank order of TPM isoform expression is TPM1α > TPM2α > TPM1κ > TPM3α > TPM4α. In the Cyn monkey skeletal muscle, the rank order of expression is TPM1α > TPM2α > TPM3α > TPM1κ > TPM4α. The major differences in the human heart are the increased expression of TPM1κ, although TPM1α is still the dominant transcript. In the Cyn monkey heart, the only sarcomeric TPM isoform at the protein level is TPM1α. This is in contrast to human hearts where TPM1α is the major sarcomeric isoform but a lower quantity of TPM1κ, TPM2α, and TPM3α is also detected at the protein level. These differences of tropomyosin and/or other cardiac protein expression in human and Cyn monkey hearts may reflect the differences in physiological activities in daily life.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1303500 |
| spellingShingle | Dipak K. Dube Syamalima Dube Lynn Abbott Omar Elsekaily Samender S. Randhawa Jean M. Sanger Joseph W. Sanger Bernard J. Poiesz Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues Biochemistry Research International |
| title | Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues |
| title_full | Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues |
| title_fullStr | Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues |
| title_short | Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues |
| title_sort | tropomyosin isoform diversity in the cynomolgus monkey heart and skeletal muscles compared to human tissues |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1303500 |
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