Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality
The main challenge of this work is to identify a novel approach to reuse and valorize brewers’ spent grain (BSG) to produce a new source of income for the brewers in terms of self-consumption or selling goods. Therefore, this study explored the composting behavior of BSG mixed with different organic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1349 |
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| author | Davide Assandri Niccolò Pampuro Giacomo Zara Angela Bianco Eugenio Cavallo Marilena Budroni |
| author_facet | Davide Assandri Niccolò Pampuro Giacomo Zara Angela Bianco Eugenio Cavallo Marilena Budroni |
| author_sort | Davide Assandri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main challenge of this work is to identify a novel approach to reuse and valorize brewers’ spent grain (BSG) to produce a new source of income for the brewers in terms of self-consumption or selling goods. Therefore, this study explored the composting behavior of BSG mixed with different organic materials: wheat straw with pig slurry solid fraction and wheat straw with sheep manure, MIX1 and MIX2, respectively. The composting process was carried out in bins by comparing two different composting strategies: manual turning (MT) and static composting xxx– without turning operations (ST). During the experimental trial, BSG mixtures were chemically analyzed for pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total organic carbon, volatile solids, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and moisture content. Furthermore, the final composted materials were evaluated according to the physicochemical and biological limits fixed by the European regulation (2019/1009) and the Italian law (D.Lgs 75/2010). At the end of the composting process, the C/N ratio ranged from 11.6 to 15.5, the humification ratio ranged from 12.4 to 13.8 and the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N ratio was lower than 0.5 indicating, in all investigated treatments, a good degree of maturation. However, as evidenced by the high pH values and low Germination Index, the sheep manure, as starting material, proved less effective than the solid fraction of pig slurry, probably due to excessive trampling and slow litter change. Finally, concerning the two composting strategies investigated, the obtained results highlighted that the composting strategy did not affect the final compost quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ef0df6e2dc24370a1f32bdb595e8d6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ef0df6e2dc24370a1f32bdb595e8d6c2023-11-22T02:31:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-06-01117134910.3390/agronomy11071349Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost QualityDavide Assandri0Niccolò Pampuro1Giacomo Zara2Angela Bianco3Eugenio Cavallo4Marilena Budroni5Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility of the National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility of the National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, ItalyThe main challenge of this work is to identify a novel approach to reuse and valorize brewers’ spent grain (BSG) to produce a new source of income for the brewers in terms of self-consumption or selling goods. Therefore, this study explored the composting behavior of BSG mixed with different organic materials: wheat straw with pig slurry solid fraction and wheat straw with sheep manure, MIX1 and MIX2, respectively. The composting process was carried out in bins by comparing two different composting strategies: manual turning (MT) and static composting xxx– without turning operations (ST). During the experimental trial, BSG mixtures were chemically analyzed for pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total organic carbon, volatile solids, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and moisture content. Furthermore, the final composted materials were evaluated according to the physicochemical and biological limits fixed by the European regulation (2019/1009) and the Italian law (D.Lgs 75/2010). At the end of the composting process, the C/N ratio ranged from 11.6 to 15.5, the humification ratio ranged from 12.4 to 13.8 and the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N ratio was lower than 0.5 indicating, in all investigated treatments, a good degree of maturation. However, as evidenced by the high pH values and low Germination Index, the sheep manure, as starting material, proved less effective than the solid fraction of pig slurry, probably due to excessive trampling and slow litter change. Finally, concerning the two composting strategies investigated, the obtained results highlighted that the composting strategy did not affect the final compost quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1349brewers’ spent grainaerobic stabilizationcircular economyrecyclingbrewing industryagro-industry by-product |
| spellingShingle | Davide Assandri Niccolò Pampuro Giacomo Zara Angela Bianco Eugenio Cavallo Marilena Budroni Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality Agronomy brewers’ spent grain aerobic stabilization circular economy recycling brewing industry agro-industry by-product |
| title | Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality |
| title_full | Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality |
| title_fullStr | Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality |
| title_short | Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality |
| title_sort | co composting of brewers spent grain with animal manures and wheat straw influence of two composting strategies on compost quality |
| topic | brewers’ spent grain aerobic stabilization circular economy recycling brewing industry agro-industry by-product |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1349 |
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