A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices
Most composites produced come from fossil fuel sources. Renewable strategies are needed for the production of composites. Charcoal fines are considered waste and an alternative for the production of biocomposites. The charcoal fines resulting from the pyrolysis of any biomass are an efficient altern...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5525 |
| _version_ | 1797455597545717760 |
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| author | Fabíola Martins Delatorre Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino Michel Picanço Oliveira Felipe da Silva Gomes Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti Demetrius Profeti Mário Guimarães Júnior Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo Daniel Saloni Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior |
| author_facet | Fabíola Martins Delatorre Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino Michel Picanço Oliveira Felipe da Silva Gomes Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti Demetrius Profeti Mário Guimarães Júnior Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo Daniel Saloni Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior |
| author_sort | Fabíola Martins Delatorre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most composites produced come from fossil fuel sources. Renewable strategies are needed for the production of composites. Charcoal fines are considered waste and an alternative for the production of biocomposites. The charcoal fines resulting from the pyrolysis of any biomass are an efficient alternative for the production of green composites. Studies to understand how the pyrolysis parameters influence the properties of this material for the production of biocomposites are necessary. Charcoal has a high carbon content and surface area, depending on final production temperatures. This study aims to evaluate charcoal fines as potential reinforcing agents in biocomposites. This study investigated for the first time charcoal fines from three pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) to identify the most suitable charcoal for use as a raw material in the production of carbon biocomposites with 30% by weight incorporated into a polyester matrix composite. Apparent density, porosity, morphology, and immediate chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of charcoal fines were evaluated. The charcoal fines produced at 800 °C showed interesting potential as polymeric matrix fillers due to their higher porosity (81.08%), fixed carbon content (96.77%), and hydrophobicity. The biocomposites were analyzed for flexural and tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed an improvement in resistance at elevated temperatures, especially at 800 °C, with higher breaking strength (84.11 MPa), modulus of elasticity (4064.70 MPa), and traction (23.53 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improvement in morphology, with a decrease in roughness at 800 °C, which caused greater adhesion to the polyester matrix. These results revealed a promising new biocomposite compared to other natural lignocellulosic polymeric composites (NLFs) in engineering applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:55:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ef47f44235d42ecb1771e5a84a25453 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:55:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ef47f44235d42ecb1771e5a84a254532023-11-24T17:33:36ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-12-011424552510.3390/polym14245525A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric MatricesFabíola Martins Delatorre0Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino1Michel Picanço Oliveira2Felipe da Silva Gomes3Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti4Demetrius Profeti5Mário Guimarães Júnior6Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo7Daniel Saloni8Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior9Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilDepartment of Eletromechanical, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Araxá 38180-510, Minas Gerais, BrazilAdvanced Materials Laboratory, North Fluminense University State Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartment of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAAgricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, BrazilMost composites produced come from fossil fuel sources. Renewable strategies are needed for the production of composites. Charcoal fines are considered waste and an alternative for the production of biocomposites. The charcoal fines resulting from the pyrolysis of any biomass are an efficient alternative for the production of green composites. Studies to understand how the pyrolysis parameters influence the properties of this material for the production of biocomposites are necessary. Charcoal has a high carbon content and surface area, depending on final production temperatures. This study aims to evaluate charcoal fines as potential reinforcing agents in biocomposites. This study investigated for the first time charcoal fines from three pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) to identify the most suitable charcoal for use as a raw material in the production of carbon biocomposites with 30% by weight incorporated into a polyester matrix composite. Apparent density, porosity, morphology, and immediate chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of charcoal fines were evaluated. The charcoal fines produced at 800 °C showed interesting potential as polymeric matrix fillers due to their higher porosity (81.08%), fixed carbon content (96.77%), and hydrophobicity. The biocomposites were analyzed for flexural and tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed an improvement in resistance at elevated temperatures, especially at 800 °C, with higher breaking strength (84.11 MPa), modulus of elasticity (4064.70 MPa), and traction (23.53 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improvement in morphology, with a decrease in roughness at 800 °C, which caused greater adhesion to the polyester matrix. These results revealed a promising new biocomposite compared to other natural lignocellulosic polymeric composites (NLFs) in engineering applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5525carbon materialswaste reuseforest-based biomaterialsXPS |
| spellingShingle | Fabíola Martins Delatorre Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino Michel Picanço Oliveira Felipe da Silva Gomes Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti Demetrius Profeti Mário Guimarães Júnior Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo Daniel Saloni Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices Polymers carbon materials waste reuse forest-based biomaterials XPS |
| title | A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices |
| title_full | A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices |
| title_short | A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices |
| title_sort | novel approach to charcoal fine waste sustainable use as filling of polymeric matrices |
| topic | carbon materials waste reuse forest-based biomaterials XPS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5525 |
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