Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World
Traditionally regarded as single cell organisms, bacteria naturally and preferentially build multicellular communities that enable them to react efficiently to external stimuli in a coordinated fashion and with extremely effective outcomes. These communities are bacterial biofilms, where single cell...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/6/845 |
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| author | Federico Bertoglio Nora Bloise Martina Oriano Paola Petrini Simone Sprio Marcello Imbriani Anna Tampieri Livia Visai |
| author_facet | Federico Bertoglio Nora Bloise Martina Oriano Paola Petrini Simone Sprio Marcello Imbriani Anna Tampieri Livia Visai |
| author_sort | Federico Bertoglio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditionally regarded as single cell organisms, bacteria naturally and preferentially build multicellular communities that enable them to react efficiently to external stimuli in a coordinated fashion and with extremely effective outcomes. These communities are bacterial biofilms, where single cells or microcolonies are embedded in self-built Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS), composed of different macromolecules, e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Despite being the most common form in nature and having many biotechnologically useful applications, biofilm is often regarded as a life-threatening form of bacterial infection. Since this form of bacterial life is intrinsically more resistant to antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance is reaching alarming levels, we will focus our attention on how nanotechnology made new tools available to the medical community for the prevention and treatment of these infections. After a brief excursus on biofilm formation and its main characteristics, different types of nanomaterials developed to prevent or counteract these multicellular forms of bacterial infection will be described. A comparison of different classifications adopted for nanodrugs and a final discussion of challenges and future perspectives are also presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:22:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ef8987b4fa24f2aaca8f69a4401be26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:22:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ef8987b4fa24f2aaca8f69a4401be262022-12-21T23:31:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172018-05-018684510.3390/app8060845app8060845Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized WorldFederico Bertoglio0Nora Bloise1Martina Oriano2Paola Petrini3Simone Sprio4Marcello Imbriani5Anna Tampieri6Livia Visai7Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’, UdR INSTM Milano Politecnico, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC)—CNR, Via Granarolo, 64, Faenza 48018, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Human Anatomy Unit, Center of Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Forlanini 8, Pavia 27100, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC)—CNR, Via Granarolo, 64, Faenza 48018, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalyTraditionally regarded as single cell organisms, bacteria naturally and preferentially build multicellular communities that enable them to react efficiently to external stimuli in a coordinated fashion and with extremely effective outcomes. These communities are bacterial biofilms, where single cells or microcolonies are embedded in self-built Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS), composed of different macromolecules, e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Despite being the most common form in nature and having many biotechnologically useful applications, biofilm is often regarded as a life-threatening form of bacterial infection. Since this form of bacterial life is intrinsically more resistant to antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance is reaching alarming levels, we will focus our attention on how nanotechnology made new tools available to the medical community for the prevention and treatment of these infections. After a brief excursus on biofilm formation and its main characteristics, different types of nanomaterials developed to prevent or counteract these multicellular forms of bacterial infection will be described. A comparison of different classifications adopted for nanodrugs and a final discussion of challenges and future perspectives are also presented.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/6/845antibacterial nanomaterialsnanoparticlesbiofilmnanomedicine |
| spellingShingle | Federico Bertoglio Nora Bloise Martina Oriano Paola Petrini Simone Sprio Marcello Imbriani Anna Tampieri Livia Visai Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World Applied Sciences antibacterial nanomaterials nanoparticles biofilm nanomedicine |
| title | Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World |
| title_full | Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World |
| title_fullStr | Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World |
| title_short | Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World |
| title_sort | treatment of biofilm communities an update on new tools from the nanosized world |
| topic | antibacterial nanomaterials nanoparticles biofilm nanomedicine |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/6/845 |
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