Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context
Current knowledge on porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by <i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2) includes the subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI), systemic (PCV-2-SD) and reproductive (PCV-2-RD) diseases, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Criteria to establish the...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/3/110 |
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| author | Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila |
| author_facet | Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila |
| author_sort | Joaquim Segalés |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current knowledge on porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by <i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2) includes the subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI), systemic (PCV-2-SD) and reproductive (PCV-2-RD) diseases, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Criteria to establish the diagnosis of these conditions have not changed over the years; thus, the triad composed by clinical signs, lesions and viral detection in lesions are still the hallmark for PCV-2-SD and PCV-2-RD. In contrast, PCV-2-SI diagnosis is not usually performed since this condition is perceived to be controlled by default through vaccination. PDNS is diagnosed by gross and histopathological findings, and PCV-2 detection is not recognized as a diagnostic criterion. Molecular biology methods as a proxy for PCVD diagnoses have been extensively used in the last decade, although these techniques should be mainly considered as monitoring tools rather than diagnostic ones. What has changed over the years is the epidemiological picture of PCV-2 through the massive use of vaccination, which allowed the decrease in infectious pressure paralleled with a decrease in overall herd immunity. Consequently, the need for establishing the diagnosis of PCVD has increased lately, especially in cases with a PCV-2-SD-like condition despite vaccination. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to update the current knowledge on diagnostic criteria for PCVDs and to contextualize the interest of using molecular biology methods in the overall picture of these diseases within variable epidemiological scenarios of PCV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:18:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8ef902e1de2c4991b57e6c179c2741d3 |
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| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:18:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ef902e1de2c4991b57e6c179c2741d32023-11-30T22:44:17ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812022-03-019311010.3390/vetsci9030110Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological ContextJoaquim Segalés0Marina Sibila1Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainOIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCurrent knowledge on porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by <i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2) includes the subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI), systemic (PCV-2-SD) and reproductive (PCV-2-RD) diseases, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Criteria to establish the diagnosis of these conditions have not changed over the years; thus, the triad composed by clinical signs, lesions and viral detection in lesions are still the hallmark for PCV-2-SD and PCV-2-RD. In contrast, PCV-2-SI diagnosis is not usually performed since this condition is perceived to be controlled by default through vaccination. PDNS is diagnosed by gross and histopathological findings, and PCV-2 detection is not recognized as a diagnostic criterion. Molecular biology methods as a proxy for PCVD diagnoses have been extensively used in the last decade, although these techniques should be mainly considered as monitoring tools rather than diagnostic ones. What has changed over the years is the epidemiological picture of PCV-2 through the massive use of vaccination, which allowed the decrease in infectious pressure paralleled with a decrease in overall herd immunity. Consequently, the need for establishing the diagnosis of PCVD has increased lately, especially in cases with a PCV-2-SD-like condition despite vaccination. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to update the current knowledge on diagnostic criteria for PCVDs and to contextualize the interest of using molecular biology methods in the overall picture of these diseases within variable epidemiological scenarios of PCV-2 infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/3/110<i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2)porcine circovirus diseaseclinical signspathologydiagnosisepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context Veterinary Sciences <i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2) porcine circovirus disease clinical signs pathology diagnosis epidemiology |
| title | Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context |
| title_full | Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context |
| title_short | Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current <i>Porcine Circovirus 2</i> Epidemiological Context |
| title_sort | revisiting porcine circovirus disease diagnostic criteria in the current i porcine circovirus 2 i epidemiological context |
| topic | <i>Porcine circovirus 2</i> (PCV-2) porcine circovirus disease clinical signs pathology diagnosis epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/3/110 |
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