The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk
Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk an...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/3/556 |
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| author | Nisa Sipahi Ertugrul Kaya Cansu Çelik Orhan Pınar |
| author_facet | Nisa Sipahi Ertugrul Kaya Cansu Çelik Orhan Pınar |
| author_sort | Nisa Sipahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of <i>coa, icaB, blaZ</i>, and <i>mecA</i> was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as <i>S. aureus</i> (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the <i>icaB</i> gene was found in 57.14%, <i>coa</i> in 46.42%, <i>mecA</i> in 15.47%, and <i>blaZ</i> in 8.33%. As a result, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal–environment–human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:01:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f0187af950c43e6b7ef360569f8e852 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:01:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f0187af950c43e6b7ef360569f8e8522023-11-17T09:14:42ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-03-0112355610.3390/antibiotics12030556The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine MilkNisa Sipahi0Ertugrul Kaya1Cansu Çelik2Orhan Pınar3Traditional and Complementary Medicine Applied and Research Center, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, TürkiyeMedical Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, TürkiyeFood Technology Program, Food Processing Department, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, TürkiyeEquine and Equine Training Program, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, TürkiyeStaphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of <i>coa, icaB, blaZ</i>, and <i>mecA</i> was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as <i>S. aureus</i> (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the <i>icaB</i> gene was found in 57.14%, <i>coa</i> in 46.42%, <i>mecA</i> in 15.47%, and <i>blaZ</i> in 8.33%. As a result, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal–environment–human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/3/556staphylococcibiofilmbeta-lactamasecoagulasevirulence<i>mecA</i> |
| spellingShingle | Nisa Sipahi Ertugrul Kaya Cansu Çelik Orhan Pınar The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk Antibiotics staphylococci biofilm beta-lactamase coagulase virulence <i>mecA</i> |
| title | The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk |
| title_full | The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk |
| title_fullStr | The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk |
| title_short | The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk |
| title_sort | characterization and beta lactam resistance of staphylococcal community recovered from raw bovine milk |
| topic | staphylococci biofilm beta-lactamase coagulase virulence <i>mecA</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/3/556 |
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