Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017.
<h4>Objectives</h4>The accurate prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses (ADIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has not been well investigated. Hence, a longitudinal nationwide surveillance study analyzing the current status and n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256452 |
| _version_ | 1818363248598056960 |
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| author | Takeshi Tanaka Kazuhiro Oshima Kei Kawano Masato Tashiro Akitaka Tanaka Ayumi Fujita Misuzu Tsukamoto Akira Yasuoka Katsuji Teruya Koichi Izumikawa |
| author_facet | Takeshi Tanaka Kazuhiro Oshima Kei Kawano Masato Tashiro Akitaka Tanaka Ayumi Fujita Misuzu Tsukamoto Akira Yasuoka Katsuji Teruya Koichi Izumikawa |
| author_sort | Takeshi Tanaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Objectives</h4>The accurate prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses (ADIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has not been well investigated. Hence, a longitudinal nationwide surveillance study analyzing the current status and national trend of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients in Japan is warranted.<h4>Methods</h4>A nationwide surveillance of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients from 1995 to 2017 in Japan was conducted. An annual questionnaire was sent to 383 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals across Japan to collect information (CD4+ lymphocyte count, time of onset, outcome, and antiretroviral therapy [ART] status) of patients diagnosed with any of 23 ADIs between 1995 and 2017.<h4>Results</h4>The response and case capture rates of the questionnaires in 2017 were 53% and 76%, respectively. The number of reported cases of opportunistic complications peaked in 2011 and subsequently declined. Pneumocystis pneumonia (38.7%), cytomegalovirus infection (13.6%), and candidiasis (12.8%) were associated with the cumulative incidence of ADIs between 1995 and 2017. The mortality rate in HIV-infected patients with opportunistic complications substantially decreased to 3.6% in 2017. The mortality rate was significantly higher in HIV patients who received ART within 14 days of diagnosis of complications than in those who received ART 15 days after diagnosis (13.0% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.01).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have demonstrated a 23-year trend of a newly diagnosed AIDS status in Japan with high accuracy. The current data reveal the importance of Pneumocystis pneumonia as a first-onset illness and that early initiation of ART results in poor outcomes in HIV patients in Japan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:45:28Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:45:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f2274efb908491a98b6fbc128d44e412022-12-21T23:30:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01168e025645210.1371/journal.pone.0256452Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017.Takeshi TanakaKazuhiro OshimaKei KawanoMasato TashiroAkitaka TanakaAyumi FujitaMisuzu TsukamotoAkira YasuokaKatsuji TeruyaKoichi Izumikawa<h4>Objectives</h4>The accurate prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses (ADIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has not been well investigated. Hence, a longitudinal nationwide surveillance study analyzing the current status and national trend of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients in Japan is warranted.<h4>Methods</h4>A nationwide surveillance of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients from 1995 to 2017 in Japan was conducted. An annual questionnaire was sent to 383 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals across Japan to collect information (CD4+ lymphocyte count, time of onset, outcome, and antiretroviral therapy [ART] status) of patients diagnosed with any of 23 ADIs between 1995 and 2017.<h4>Results</h4>The response and case capture rates of the questionnaires in 2017 were 53% and 76%, respectively. The number of reported cases of opportunistic complications peaked in 2011 and subsequently declined. Pneumocystis pneumonia (38.7%), cytomegalovirus infection (13.6%), and candidiasis (12.8%) were associated with the cumulative incidence of ADIs between 1995 and 2017. The mortality rate in HIV-infected patients with opportunistic complications substantially decreased to 3.6% in 2017. The mortality rate was significantly higher in HIV patients who received ART within 14 days of diagnosis of complications than in those who received ART 15 days after diagnosis (13.0% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.01).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have demonstrated a 23-year trend of a newly diagnosed AIDS status in Japan with high accuracy. The current data reveal the importance of Pneumocystis pneumonia as a first-onset illness and that early initiation of ART results in poor outcomes in HIV patients in Japan.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256452 |
| spellingShingle | Takeshi Tanaka Kazuhiro Oshima Kei Kawano Masato Tashiro Akitaka Tanaka Ayumi Fujita Misuzu Tsukamoto Akira Yasuoka Katsuji Teruya Koichi Izumikawa Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. PLoS ONE |
| title | Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. |
| title_full | Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. |
| title_fullStr | Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. |
| title_short | Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017. |
| title_sort | nationwide surveillance of aids defining illnesses among hiv patients in japan from 1995 to 2017 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256452 |
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