Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications
A solution casting approach is used to create hollow glass microsphere (HGM)-filled epoxy–syntactic foam composites (e–SFCs) by varying the concentrations of HGM in epoxy according to different particle sizes. Density analysis is used to investigate the impact of concentration and particle size regu...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1732 |
| _version_ | 1797619542768222208 |
|---|---|
| author | Olusegun Adigun Afolabi Turup Pandurangan Mohan Krishnan Kanny |
| author_facet | Olusegun Adigun Afolabi Turup Pandurangan Mohan Krishnan Kanny |
| author_sort | Olusegun Adigun Afolabi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A solution casting approach is used to create hollow glass microsphere (HGM)-filled epoxy–syntactic foam composites (e–SFCs) by varying the concentrations of HGM in epoxy according to different particle sizes. Density analysis is used to investigate the impact of concentration and particle size regularity on the microstructure of e-SFCs. It was observed that e–SFCs filled with an HGM of uniform particle sizes exhibit a reduction in density with increasing HGM concentration, whereas e-SFCs filled with heterogeneous sizes of HGM exhibit closeness in density values regardless of HGM concentration. The variation in e–SFC density can be related to HGM packing efficiency within e–SFCs in terms of concentration and particle size regularity. The particle size with lowest true density of 0.5529 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, experimental density of 0.949 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and tensile strength of 55.74 MPa resulted in e-SFCs with highest specific properties of 100.81 (MPa·g/cm<sup>3</sup>), with a 35.1% increase from the lowest value of 74.64 (MPa·g/cm<sup>3</sup>) at a true density of 0.7286 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, experimental density of 0.928 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and tensile strength of 54.38 MPa. The e–SFCs’ theoretical density values were obtained. The variance in theoretical and experimental density values provides a thorough grasp of packing efficiency and inter-particle features. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:29:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f2cc5527b2b4466847a1ddcb4cf56bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:29:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f2cc5527b2b4466847a1ddcb4cf56bc2023-11-16T21:53:44ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-02-01164173210.3390/ma16041732Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine ApplicationsOlusegun Adigun Afolabi0Turup Pandurangan Mohan1Krishnan Kanny2Composite Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South AfricaComposite Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South AfricaComposite Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South AfricaA solution casting approach is used to create hollow glass microsphere (HGM)-filled epoxy–syntactic foam composites (e–SFCs) by varying the concentrations of HGM in epoxy according to different particle sizes. Density analysis is used to investigate the impact of concentration and particle size regularity on the microstructure of e-SFCs. It was observed that e–SFCs filled with an HGM of uniform particle sizes exhibit a reduction in density with increasing HGM concentration, whereas e-SFCs filled with heterogeneous sizes of HGM exhibit closeness in density values regardless of HGM concentration. The variation in e–SFC density can be related to HGM packing efficiency within e–SFCs in terms of concentration and particle size regularity. The particle size with lowest true density of 0.5529 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, experimental density of 0.949 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and tensile strength of 55.74 MPa resulted in e-SFCs with highest specific properties of 100.81 (MPa·g/cm<sup>3</sup>), with a 35.1% increase from the lowest value of 74.64 (MPa·g/cm<sup>3</sup>) at a true density of 0.7286 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, experimental density of 0.928 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and tensile strength of 54.38 MPa. The e–SFCs’ theoretical density values were obtained. The variance in theoretical and experimental density values provides a thorough grasp of packing efficiency and inter-particle features.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1732epoxy resinhollow glass microspheressyntactic foam compositesdensitypacking efficiencyspecific tensile strength |
| spellingShingle | Olusegun Adigun Afolabi Turup Pandurangan Mohan Krishnan Kanny Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications Materials epoxy resin hollow glass microspheres syntactic foam composites density packing efficiency specific tensile strength |
| title | Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications |
| title_full | Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications |
| title_fullStr | Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications |
| title_short | Processing of Low-Density HGM-Filled Epoxy–Syntactic Foam Composites with High Specific Properties for Marine Applications |
| title_sort | processing of low density hgm filled epoxy syntactic foam composites with high specific properties for marine applications |
| topic | epoxy resin hollow glass microspheres syntactic foam composites density packing efficiency specific tensile strength |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1732 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olusegunadigunafolabi processingoflowdensityhgmfilledepoxysyntacticfoamcompositeswithhighspecificpropertiesformarineapplications AT turuppanduranganmohan processingoflowdensityhgmfilledepoxysyntacticfoamcompositeswithhighspecificpropertiesformarineapplications AT krishnankanny processingoflowdensityhgmfilledepoxysyntacticfoamcompositeswithhighspecificpropertiesformarineapplications |