The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy
The emergence of tumors associated with defects in immune surveillance often involve the impairment of key functions of T lymphocytes. Therefore, several anticancer immunotherapies have focused on the induction/strengthening of the tumor-specific activity of T cells. In particular, strategies based...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/12/1847 |
| _version_ | 1797379160125997056 |
|---|---|
| author | Maurizio Federico |
| author_facet | Maurizio Federico |
| author_sort | Maurizio Federico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of tumors associated with defects in immune surveillance often involve the impairment of key functions of T lymphocytes. Therefore, several anticancer immunotherapies have focused on the induction/strengthening of the tumor-specific activity of T cells. In particular, strategies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and mRNA vaccines share a common goal of inducing/recovering an effective antitumor cytotoxic activity, often resulting in either exhausted or absent in patients’ lymphocytes. In many instances, these approaches have been met with success, becoming part of current clinic protocols. However, the most practiced strategies sometimes also pay significant tolls in terms of adverse events, a lack of target specificity, tumor escape, and unsustainable costs. Hence, new antitumor immunotherapies facing at least some of these issues need to be explored. In this perspective article, the characteristics of a novel CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-specific anticancer vaccine strategy based on in vivo-engineered extracellular vesicles are described. How this approach can be exploited to overcome at least some of the limitations of current antitumor immunotherapies is also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:18:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f2f0e66c4db41de9f2db38308d273ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:18:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f2f0e66c4db41de9f2db38308d273ed2023-12-22T14:47:31ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-12-011112184710.3390/vaccines11121847The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine StrategyMaurizio Federico0National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyThe emergence of tumors associated with defects in immune surveillance often involve the impairment of key functions of T lymphocytes. Therefore, several anticancer immunotherapies have focused on the induction/strengthening of the tumor-specific activity of T cells. In particular, strategies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and mRNA vaccines share a common goal of inducing/recovering an effective antitumor cytotoxic activity, often resulting in either exhausted or absent in patients’ lymphocytes. In many instances, these approaches have been met with success, becoming part of current clinic protocols. However, the most practiced strategies sometimes also pay significant tolls in terms of adverse events, a lack of target specificity, tumor escape, and unsustainable costs. Hence, new antitumor immunotherapies facing at least some of these issues need to be explored. In this perspective article, the characteristics of a novel CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-specific anticancer vaccine strategy based on in vivo-engineered extracellular vesicles are described. How this approach can be exploited to overcome at least some of the limitations of current antitumor immunotherapies is also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/12/1847anticancer immunotherapyextracellular vesiclesimmune checkpoint inhibitorsCAR-T cellsanticancer mRNA vaccines |
| spellingShingle | Maurizio Federico The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy Vaccines anticancer immunotherapy extracellular vesicles immune checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T cells anticancer mRNA vaccines |
| title | The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy |
| title_full | The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy |
| title_fullStr | The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy |
| title_short | The Limitations of Current T Cell-Driven Anticancer Immunotherapies Can Be Overcome with an Original Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Vaccine Strategy |
| title_sort | limitations of current t cell driven anticancer immunotherapies can be overcome with an original extracellular vesicle based vaccine strategy |
| topic | anticancer immunotherapy extracellular vesicles immune checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T cells anticancer mRNA vaccines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/12/1847 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mauriziofederico thelimitationsofcurrenttcelldrivenanticancerimmunotherapiescanbeovercomewithanoriginalextracellularvesiclebasedvaccinestrategy AT mauriziofederico limitationsofcurrenttcelldrivenanticancerimmunotherapiescanbeovercomewithanoriginalextracellularvesiclebasedvaccinestrategy |