Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature
Cancer arising from adenomyosis is very rare, with transformation occurring in only 1% of cases and in older individuals. Adenomyosis, endometriosis and cancers may share a common pathogenic mechanism that includes hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, growth factors, inflammation, immune system...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/11/1883 |
| _version_ | 1797597736564948992 |
|---|---|
| author | Liviu Moraru Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici Diana Maria Chiorean Raluca Moraru Laura Caravia Andreea Taisia Tiron Ovidiu Simion Cotoi |
| author_facet | Liviu Moraru Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici Diana Maria Chiorean Raluca Moraru Laura Caravia Andreea Taisia Tiron Ovidiu Simion Cotoi |
| author_sort | Liviu Moraru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer arising from adenomyosis is very rare, with transformation occurring in only 1% of cases and in older individuals. Adenomyosis, endometriosis and cancers may share a common pathogenic mechanism that includes hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, growth factors, inflammation, immune system dysregulation, environmental factors and oxidative stress. Endometriosis and adenomyosis both exhibit malignant behaviour. The most common risk factor for malignant transformation is prolonged exposure to oestrogens. The golden standard for diagnosis is histopathology. Colman and Rosenthal emphasised the most important characteristics in adenomyosis-associated cancer. Kumar and Anderson emphasised the importance of demonstrating a transition between benign and malignant endometrial glands in cancer arising from adenomyosis. As it is very rare, it is difficult to standardize treatment. In this manuscript, we try to emphasize some aspects regarding the management strategy, as well as how heterogenous the studies from the literature are in terms of prognosis in both cancers that develop from adenomyosis or those that are only associated with adenomyosis. The pathogenic mechanisms of transformation remain unclear. As these types of cancer are so rare, there is no standardised treatment. A novel target in the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological malignancies associated with adenomyosis is also being studied for the development of new therapeutic concepts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:09:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f3b53fc30e94207b1bf529292602387 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:09:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f3b53fc30e94207b1bf5292926023872023-11-18T07:42:25ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-05-011311188310.3390/diagnostics13111883Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the LiteratureLiviu Moraru0Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici1Diana Maria Chiorean2Raluca Moraru3Laura Caravia4Andreea Taisia Tiron5Ovidiu Simion Cotoi6Department of Anatomy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Hunedoara, 14 Victoriei Street, 331057 Hunedoara, RomaniaDepartment of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDivision of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, RomaniaCancer arising from adenomyosis is very rare, with transformation occurring in only 1% of cases and in older individuals. Adenomyosis, endometriosis and cancers may share a common pathogenic mechanism that includes hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, growth factors, inflammation, immune system dysregulation, environmental factors and oxidative stress. Endometriosis and adenomyosis both exhibit malignant behaviour. The most common risk factor for malignant transformation is prolonged exposure to oestrogens. The golden standard for diagnosis is histopathology. Colman and Rosenthal emphasised the most important characteristics in adenomyosis-associated cancer. Kumar and Anderson emphasised the importance of demonstrating a transition between benign and malignant endometrial glands in cancer arising from adenomyosis. As it is very rare, it is difficult to standardize treatment. In this manuscript, we try to emphasize some aspects regarding the management strategy, as well as how heterogenous the studies from the literature are in terms of prognosis in both cancers that develop from adenomyosis or those that are only associated with adenomyosis. The pathogenic mechanisms of transformation remain unclear. As these types of cancer are so rare, there is no standardised treatment. A novel target in the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological malignancies associated with adenomyosis is also being studied for the development of new therapeutic concepts.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/11/1883adenomyosiscancerendometriosisimmunohistochemistrytumour markersmalignant transformation |
| spellingShingle | Liviu Moraru Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici Diana Maria Chiorean Raluca Moraru Laura Caravia Andreea Taisia Tiron Ovidiu Simion Cotoi Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature Diagnostics adenomyosis cancer endometriosis immunohistochemistry tumour markers malignant transformation |
| title | Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full | Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_short | Adenomyosis and Its Possible Malignancy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | adenomyosis and its possible malignancy a review of the literature |
| topic | adenomyosis cancer endometriosis immunohistochemistry tumour markers malignant transformation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/11/1883 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liviumoraru adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT melindaildikomitranovici adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT dianamariachiorean adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT ralucamoraru adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT lauracaravia adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT andreeataisiatiron adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature AT ovidiusimioncotoi adenomyosisanditspossiblemalignancyareviewoftheliterature |