The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/425 |
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| author | Javed Akhter Grégory Quéromès Krishna Pillai Vahan Kepenekian Samina Badar Ahmed H. Mekkawy Emilie Frobert Sarah J. Valle David L. Morris |
| author_facet | Javed Akhter Grégory Quéromès Krishna Pillai Vahan Kepenekian Samina Badar Ahmed H. Mekkawy Emilie Frobert Sarah J. Valle David L. Morris |
| author_sort | Javed Akhter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f4999e3b9c84264aae68a2a287167ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f4999e3b9c84264aae68a2a287167ca2023-12-03T12:52:21ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-03-0113342510.3390/v13030425The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2Javed Akhter0Grégory Quéromès1Krishna Pillai2Vahan Kepenekian3Samina Badar4Ahmed H. Mekkawy5Emilie Frobert6Sarah J. Valle7David L. Morris8Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaCIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPatH, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, FranceMucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaCIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPatH, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, FranceDepartment of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, AustraliaSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/425SARS-CoV-2BromelainAcetylcysteineBromAcdrug repurposing |
| spellingShingle | Javed Akhter Grégory Quéromès Krishna Pillai Vahan Kepenekian Samina Badar Ahmed H. Mekkawy Emilie Frobert Sarah J. Valle David L. Morris The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Viruses SARS-CoV-2 Bromelain Acetylcysteine BromAc drug repurposing |
| title | The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine bromac synergistically inactivates sars cov 2 |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Bromelain Acetylcysteine BromAc drug repurposing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/425 |
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