Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity
Quantitative assessments of the health risk of the constituents of alcoholic beverages including ethanol are reported in the literature, generally with hepatotoxic effects considered as the endpoint. Risk assessment studies on minor compounds such as mycotoxins, metals, and other contaminants are al...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3785 |
| _version_ | 1797509019715239936 |
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| author | Alex O. Okaru Dirk W. Lachenmeier |
| author_facet | Alex O. Okaru Dirk W. Lachenmeier |
| author_sort | Alex O. Okaru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quantitative assessments of the health risk of the constituents of alcoholic beverages including ethanol are reported in the literature, generally with hepatotoxic effects considered as the endpoint. Risk assessment studies on minor compounds such as mycotoxins, metals, and other contaminants are also available on carcinogenicity as the endpoint. This review seeks to highlight population cancer risks due to alcohol consumption using the margin of exposure methodology. The individual and cumulative health risk contribution of each component in alcoholic beverages is highlighted. Overall, the results obtained consistently show that the ethanol contributes the bulk of harmful effects of alcoholic beverages, while all other compounds only contribute in a minor fashion (less than 1% compared to ethanol). Our data provide compelling evidence that policy should be focused on reducing total alcohol intake (recorded and unrecorded), while measures on other compounds should be only secondary to this goal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:12:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f5e711efce549ecb534cf102d31bcbe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:12:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f5e711efce549ecb534cf102d31bcbe2023-11-23T00:45:53ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-10-011311378510.3390/nu13113785Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of CarcinogenicityAlex O. Okaru0Dirk W. Lachenmeier1Department of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, KenyaChemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Straße 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, GermanyQuantitative assessments of the health risk of the constituents of alcoholic beverages including ethanol are reported in the literature, generally with hepatotoxic effects considered as the endpoint. Risk assessment studies on minor compounds such as mycotoxins, metals, and other contaminants are also available on carcinogenicity as the endpoint. This review seeks to highlight population cancer risks due to alcohol consumption using the margin of exposure methodology. The individual and cumulative health risk contribution of each component in alcoholic beverages is highlighted. Overall, the results obtained consistently show that the ethanol contributes the bulk of harmful effects of alcoholic beverages, while all other compounds only contribute in a minor fashion (less than 1% compared to ethanol). Our data provide compelling evidence that policy should be focused on reducing total alcohol intake (recorded and unrecorded), while measures on other compounds should be only secondary to this goal.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3785alcoholrisk assessmenthepatotoxicitydose–response relationshipmargin of exposureepidemiological methods |
| spellingShingle | Alex O. Okaru Dirk W. Lachenmeier Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity Nutrients alcohol risk assessment hepatotoxicity dose–response relationship margin of exposure epidemiological methods |
| title | Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity |
| title_full | Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity |
| title_fullStr | Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity |
| title_short | Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity |
| title_sort | margin of exposure analyses and overall toxic effects of alcohol with special consideration of carcinogenicity |
| topic | alcohol risk assessment hepatotoxicity dose–response relationship margin of exposure epidemiological methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3785 |
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