System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift
Electric forklifts, dominantly powered by lead acid batteries, are widely used for material handling in factories, warehouses, and docks. The long charging time and short working time characteristics of the lead acid battery module results in the necessity of several battery modules to support one f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3440 |
| _version_ | 1828350796151914496 |
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| author | Zhiyu You Liwei Wang Ying Han Firuz Zare |
| author_facet | Zhiyu You Liwei Wang Ying Han Firuz Zare |
| author_sort | Zhiyu You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electric forklifts, dominantly powered by lead acid batteries, are widely used for material handling in factories, warehouses, and docks. The long charging time and short working time characteristics of the lead acid battery module results in the necessity of several battery modules to support one forklift. Compared with the cost and time consuming lead acid battery charging system, a fuel cell/battery hybrid power module could be more convenient for a forklift with fast hydrogen refueling and long working time. In this paper, based on the characteristics of a fuel cell and a battery, a prototype hybrid forklift with a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is constructed, and its hardware and software are designed in detail. According to the power demand of driver cycles and the state of charge (<i>SOC</i>) of battery, an energy management strategy based on load current following for the hybrid forklift is proposed to improve system energy efficiency and dynamic response performance. The proposed energy management strategy will fulfill the power requirements under typical driving cycles, achieve reasonable power distribution between the fuel cell and battery and, thus, prolong its continuous working time. The proposed energy management strategy is implemented in the hybrid forklift prototype and its effectiveness is tested under different operating conditions. The results show that the forklift with the proposed hybrid powered strategy has good performance with different loads, both lifting and moving, in a smooth and steady way, and the output of the fuel cell meets the requirements of its output characteristics, its <i>SOC</i> of battery remaining at a reasonable level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:31:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f6cc423f3fb4741a744cee26cfd9036 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:31:08Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f6cc423f3fb4741a744cee26cfd90362022-12-22T02:20:12ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-12-011112344010.3390/en11123440en11123440System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid ForkliftZhiyu You0Liwei Wang1Ying Han2Firuz Zare3Key Laboratory of Electronic Information (Southwest Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu 610041, ChinaKey Laboratory of Electronic Information (Southwest Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaPower and Energy Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaElectric forklifts, dominantly powered by lead acid batteries, are widely used for material handling in factories, warehouses, and docks. The long charging time and short working time characteristics of the lead acid battery module results in the necessity of several battery modules to support one forklift. Compared with the cost and time consuming lead acid battery charging system, a fuel cell/battery hybrid power module could be more convenient for a forklift with fast hydrogen refueling and long working time. In this paper, based on the characteristics of a fuel cell and a battery, a prototype hybrid forklift with a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is constructed, and its hardware and software are designed in detail. According to the power demand of driver cycles and the state of charge (<i>SOC</i>) of battery, an energy management strategy based on load current following for the hybrid forklift is proposed to improve system energy efficiency and dynamic response performance. The proposed energy management strategy will fulfill the power requirements under typical driving cycles, achieve reasonable power distribution between the fuel cell and battery and, thus, prolong its continuous working time. The proposed energy management strategy is implemented in the hybrid forklift prototype and its effectiveness is tested under different operating conditions. The results show that the forklift with the proposed hybrid powered strategy has good performance with different loads, both lifting and moving, in a smooth and steady way, and the output of the fuel cell meets the requirements of its output characteristics, its <i>SOC</i> of battery remaining at a reasonable level.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3440fuel cellbattery bankhybrid forkliftbuck-boost DC/DC converterenergy management strategystate of charge |
| spellingShingle | Zhiyu You Liwei Wang Ying Han Firuz Zare System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift Energies fuel cell battery bank hybrid forklift buck-boost DC/DC converter energy management strategy state of charge |
| title | System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift |
| title_full | System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift |
| title_fullStr | System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift |
| title_full_unstemmed | System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift |
| title_short | System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift |
| title_sort | system design and energy management for a fuel cell battery hybrid forklift |
| topic | fuel cell battery bank hybrid forklift buck-boost DC/DC converter energy management strategy state of charge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3440 |
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