The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID
Abstract There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population of recovered patients, it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01640-z |
| _version_ | 1797636694053224448 |
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| author | Jingwei Li Yun Zhou Jiechao Ma Qin Zhang Jun Shao Shufan Liang Yizhou Yu Weimin Li Chengdi Wang |
| author_facet | Jingwei Li Yun Zhou Jiechao Ma Qin Zhang Jun Shao Shufan Liang Yizhou Yu Weimin Li Chengdi Wang |
| author_sort | Jingwei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population of recovered patients, it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and management strategies. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory illness, recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited to those of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems may persist long after the acute phase. These persistent manifestations, also referred to as long COVID, could impact all patients with COVID-19 across the full spectrum of illness severity. Herein, we comprehensively review the current literature on long COVID, highlighting its epidemiological understanding, the impact of vaccinations, organ-specific sequelae, pathophysiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary management strategies. In addition, the impact of psychological and psychosomatic factors is also underscored. Despite these crucial findings on long COVID, the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on previous experience and pilot studies remain inadequate, and well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized to validate existing hypotheses. Thus, we propose the primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps and efficient remedies as well as discuss the corresponding recommendations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:37:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f7048be8f3c434cb7f106d5353da8fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:37:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f7048be8f3c434cb7f106d5353da8fc2023-11-05T12:30:46ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352023-11-018111910.1038/s41392-023-01640-zThe long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVIDJingwei Li0Yun Zhou1Jiechao Ma2Qin Zhang3Jun Shao4Shufan Liang5Yizhou Yu6Weimin Li7Chengdi Wang8Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAI Lab, Deepwise HealthcareDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population of recovered patients, it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and management strategies. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory illness, recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited to those of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems may persist long after the acute phase. These persistent manifestations, also referred to as long COVID, could impact all patients with COVID-19 across the full spectrum of illness severity. Herein, we comprehensively review the current literature on long COVID, highlighting its epidemiological understanding, the impact of vaccinations, organ-specific sequelae, pathophysiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary management strategies. In addition, the impact of psychological and psychosomatic factors is also underscored. Despite these crucial findings on long COVID, the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on previous experience and pilot studies remain inadequate, and well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized to validate existing hypotheses. Thus, we propose the primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps and efficient remedies as well as discuss the corresponding recommendations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01640-z |
| spellingShingle | Jingwei Li Yun Zhou Jiechao Ma Qin Zhang Jun Shao Shufan Liang Yizhou Yu Weimin Li Chengdi Wang The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID |
| title_full | The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID |
| title_fullStr | The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID |
| title_full_unstemmed | The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID |
| title_short | The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID |
| title_sort | long term health outcomes pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long covid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01640-z |
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