Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Survivors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently suffer from a range of post-infection sequelae. Whether survivors of mild or asymptomatic infections can expect any long-term health consequences is not yet known. Herein we investigated lasting changes to soluble inflammatory factors and cellular...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2239 |
| _version_ | 1797508216484003840 |
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| author | Allison E. Kennedy Laura Cook Jessica A. Breznik Braeden Cowbrough Jessica G. Wallace Angela Huynh James W. Smith Kiho Son Hannah Stacey Jann Ang Allison McGeer Brenda L. Coleman Maggie Larché Mark Larché Nathan Hambly Parameswaran Nair Kjetil Ask Matthew S. Miller Jonathan Bramson Megan K. Levings Ishac Nazy Sarah Svenningsen Manali Mukherjee Dawn M. E. Bowdish |
| author_facet | Allison E. Kennedy Laura Cook Jessica A. Breznik Braeden Cowbrough Jessica G. Wallace Angela Huynh James W. Smith Kiho Son Hannah Stacey Jann Ang Allison McGeer Brenda L. Coleman Maggie Larché Mark Larché Nathan Hambly Parameswaran Nair Kjetil Ask Matthew S. Miller Jonathan Bramson Megan K. Levings Ishac Nazy Sarah Svenningsen Manali Mukherjee Dawn M. E. Bowdish |
| author_sort | Allison E. Kennedy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Survivors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently suffer from a range of post-infection sequelae. Whether survivors of mild or asymptomatic infections can expect any long-term health consequences is not yet known. Herein we investigated lasting changes to soluble inflammatory factors and cellular immune phenotype and function in individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (<i>n</i> = 22), compared to those that had recovered from other mild respiratory infections (<i>n</i> = 11). Individuals who had experienced mild SARS-CoV-2 infections had elevated levels of C-reactive protein 1–3 months after symptom onset, and changes in phenotype and function of circulating T-cells that were not apparent in individuals 6–9 months post-symptom onset. Markers of monocyte activation, and expression of adherence and chemokine receptors indicative of altered migratory capacity, were also higher at 1–3 months post-infection in individuals who had mild SARS-CoV-2, but these were no longer elevated by 6–9 months post-infection. Perhaps most surprisingly, significantly more T-cells could be activated by polyclonal stimulation in individuals who had recently experienced a mild SARS-CoV-2, infection compared to individuals with other recent respiratory infections. These data are indicative of prolonged immune activation and systemic inflammation that persists for at least three months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f7c4fc913cd40b49c927684c3a33237 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f7c4fc913cd40b49c927684c3a332372023-11-23T01:57:20ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-11-011311223910.3390/v13112239Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 InfectionsAllison E. Kennedy0Laura Cook1Jessica A. Breznik2Braeden Cowbrough3Jessica G. Wallace4Angela Huynh5James W. Smith6Kiho Son7Hannah Stacey8Jann Ang9Allison McGeer10Brenda L. Coleman11Maggie Larché12Mark Larché13Nathan Hambly14Parameswaran Nair15Kjetil Ask16Matthew S. Miller17Jonathan Bramson18Megan K. Levings19Ishac Nazy20Sarah Svenningsen21Manali Mukherjee22Dawn M. E. Bowdish23McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaBC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaBC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaSurvivors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently suffer from a range of post-infection sequelae. Whether survivors of mild or asymptomatic infections can expect any long-term health consequences is not yet known. Herein we investigated lasting changes to soluble inflammatory factors and cellular immune phenotype and function in individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (<i>n</i> = 22), compared to those that had recovered from other mild respiratory infections (<i>n</i> = 11). Individuals who had experienced mild SARS-CoV-2 infections had elevated levels of C-reactive protein 1–3 months after symptom onset, and changes in phenotype and function of circulating T-cells that were not apparent in individuals 6–9 months post-symptom onset. Markers of monocyte activation, and expression of adherence and chemokine receptors indicative of altered migratory capacity, were also higher at 1–3 months post-infection in individuals who had mild SARS-CoV-2, but these were no longer elevated by 6–9 months post-infection. Perhaps most surprisingly, significantly more T-cells could be activated by polyclonal stimulation in individuals who had recently experienced a mild SARS-CoV-2, infection compared to individuals with other recent respiratory infections. These data are indicative of prolonged immune activation and systemic inflammation that persists for at least three months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2239COVID-19SARS-CoV-2immunophenotypeinflammationimmune activation |
| spellingShingle | Allison E. Kennedy Laura Cook Jessica A. Breznik Braeden Cowbrough Jessica G. Wallace Angela Huynh James W. Smith Kiho Son Hannah Stacey Jann Ang Allison McGeer Brenda L. Coleman Maggie Larché Mark Larché Nathan Hambly Parameswaran Nair Kjetil Ask Matthew S. Miller Jonathan Bramson Megan K. Levings Ishac Nazy Sarah Svenningsen Manali Mukherjee Dawn M. E. Bowdish Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections Viruses COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunophenotype inflammation immune activation |
| title | Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections |
| title_full | Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections |
| title_fullStr | Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections |
| title_short | Lasting Changes to Circulating Leukocytes in People with Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections |
| title_sort | lasting changes to circulating leukocytes in people with mild sars cov 2 infections |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunophenotype inflammation immune activation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2239 |
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