Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions
Fertilization influences the soil microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the soil microbiome composition and function and microbial participation in the N cycle according to the Kyoto Ency...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/9/329 |
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| author | Yanan Li Chengyu Wang Tianye Wang Yutao Liu Shuxia Jia Yunhang Gao Shuxia Liu |
| author_facet | Yanan Li Chengyu Wang Tianye Wang Yutao Liu Shuxia Jia Yunhang Gao Shuxia Liu |
| author_sort | Yanan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fertilization influences the soil microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the soil microbiome composition and function and microbial participation in the N cycle according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation of different genes in a metagenomic analysis after long-term fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly changed the soil C/N ratio. Chemical fertilizer (NPK) treatment decreased soil pH, and chemical fertilizer combined with straw (NPK+S0.5) treatment increased ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) but decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N). NPK, NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 applications did not change the soil microbiome composition or dominant phylum but changed the relative abundances of microbiome components. Moreover, fertilizer significantly influenced metabolic processes, cellular processes and single-organism processes. Compared with a no-fertilizer treatment (CK), the NPK treatment resulted in more differentially expressed gene (DEG) pathways than the NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 treatments, and these pathways significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), available phosphorus (AP) and the moisture content of soil (MC). KEGG analysis found that fertilizer application mainly affected the ribosome, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. S0.5 and NPK+S0.5 increased microbial nitrogen fixation, and NPK and NPK+S0.5 decreased amoA and amoB and accelerated denitrification. Thus, organic fertilizer increased N fixation and nitrification, and inorganic N fertilizer accelerated denitrification. We found that the function of the soil microbiome under different fertilizer applications could be important for the rational application of fertilizer and for environmental and sustainable development. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8f7e41c03537487f813a38b9d8882a742023-11-20T13:55:38ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2020-09-019932910.3390/land9090329Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and FunctionsYanan Li0Chengyu Wang1Tianye Wang2Yutao Liu3Shuxia Jia4Yunhang Gao5Shuxia Liu6College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, ChinaQiqihar Branch Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, ChinaNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, ChinaFertilization influences the soil microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the soil microbiome composition and function and microbial participation in the N cycle according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation of different genes in a metagenomic analysis after long-term fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly changed the soil C/N ratio. Chemical fertilizer (NPK) treatment decreased soil pH, and chemical fertilizer combined with straw (NPK+S0.5) treatment increased ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) but decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N). NPK, NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 applications did not change the soil microbiome composition or dominant phylum but changed the relative abundances of microbiome components. Moreover, fertilizer significantly influenced metabolic processes, cellular processes and single-organism processes. Compared with a no-fertilizer treatment (CK), the NPK treatment resulted in more differentially expressed gene (DEG) pathways than the NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 treatments, and these pathways significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), available phosphorus (AP) and the moisture content of soil (MC). KEGG analysis found that fertilizer application mainly affected the ribosome, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. S0.5 and NPK+S0.5 increased microbial nitrogen fixation, and NPK and NPK+S0.5 decreased amoA and amoB and accelerated denitrification. Thus, organic fertilizer increased N fixation and nitrification, and inorganic N fertilizer accelerated denitrification. We found that the function of the soil microbiome under different fertilizer applications could be important for the rational application of fertilizer and for environmental and sustainable development.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/9/329metagenomic analysisrhizospheresoil microbiomemicrobiome functionfertilizer |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Li Chengyu Wang Tianye Wang Yutao Liu Shuxia Jia Yunhang Gao Shuxia Liu Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions Land metagenomic analysis rhizosphere soil microbiome microbiome function fertilizer |
| title | Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions |
| title_full | Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions |
| title_short | Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions |
| title_sort | effects of different fertilizer treatments on rhizosphere soil microbiome composition and functions |
| topic | metagenomic analysis rhizosphere soil microbiome microbiome function fertilizer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/9/329 |
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