Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prevalent contaminants in our environment, in many occupations, and in first and second-hand smoke, pose significant adverse health effects. Most research focused on the genotoxic high molecular weight PAHs (e.g., benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene), however,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/4/572 |
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| author | Deedee Romo Kalpana Velmurugan Brad L. Upham Lori D. Dwyer-Nield Alison K. Bauer |
| author_facet | Deedee Romo Kalpana Velmurugan Brad L. Upham Lori D. Dwyer-Nield Alison K. Bauer |
| author_sort | Deedee Romo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prevalent contaminants in our environment, in many occupations, and in first and second-hand smoke, pose significant adverse health effects. Most research focused on the genotoxic high molecular weight PAHs (e.g., benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene), however, the nongenotoxic low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs are emerging as potential co-carcinogens and tumor promoters known to dysregulate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), activate mitogen activated protein kinase pathways, and induce the release of inflammatory mediators. We hypothesize that inflammatory mediators resulting from LMW PAH exposure in mouse lung epithelial cell lines are involved in the dysregulation of GJIC. We used mouse lung epithelial cell lines and an alveolar macrophage cell line in the presence of a binary PAH mixture (1:1 ratio of fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene; PAH mixture). Parthenolide, a pan-inflammation inhibitor, reversed the PAH-induced inhibition of GJIC, the decreased CX43 expression, and the induction of KC and TNF. To further determine the direct role of a cytokine in regulating GJIC, recombinant TNF (rTNF) was used to inhibit GJIC and this response was further enhanced in the presence of the PAH mixture. Collectively, these findings support a role for inflammation in regulating GJIC and the potential to target these early stage cancer pathways for therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:49:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f7e55597dc1436aa8e3dfa38bb324f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:49:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f7e55597dc1436aa8e3dfa38bb324f12023-09-02T20:39:55ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942019-04-0111457210.3390/cancers11040572cancers11040572Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell ModelDeedee Romo0Kalpana Velmurugan1Brad L. Upham2Lori D. Dwyer-Nield3Alison K. Bauer4Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USADepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USADepartment of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USADepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USAPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prevalent contaminants in our environment, in many occupations, and in first and second-hand smoke, pose significant adverse health effects. Most research focused on the genotoxic high molecular weight PAHs (e.g., benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene), however, the nongenotoxic low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs are emerging as potential co-carcinogens and tumor promoters known to dysregulate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), activate mitogen activated protein kinase pathways, and induce the release of inflammatory mediators. We hypothesize that inflammatory mediators resulting from LMW PAH exposure in mouse lung epithelial cell lines are involved in the dysregulation of GJIC. We used mouse lung epithelial cell lines and an alveolar macrophage cell line in the presence of a binary PAH mixture (1:1 ratio of fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene; PAH mixture). Parthenolide, a pan-inflammation inhibitor, reversed the PAH-induced inhibition of GJIC, the decreased CX43 expression, and the induction of KC and TNF. To further determine the direct role of a cytokine in regulating GJIC, recombinant TNF (rTNF) was used to inhibit GJIC and this response was further enhanced in the presence of the PAH mixture. Collectively, these findings support a role for inflammation in regulating GJIC and the potential to target these early stage cancer pathways for therapeutics.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/4/572epithelial cellsgap junctionsinflammationlungmacrophagespolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonstumor necrosis factor (TNF)tumor promotion |
| spellingShingle | Deedee Romo Kalpana Velmurugan Brad L. Upham Lori D. Dwyer-Nield Alison K. Bauer Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model Cancers epithelial cells gap junctions inflammation lung macrophages polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons tumor necrosis factor (TNF) tumor promotion |
| title | Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model |
| title_full | Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model |
| title_fullStr | Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model |
| title_short | Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model |
| title_sort | dysregulation of gap junction function and cytokine production in response to non genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an in vitro lung cell model |
| topic | epithelial cells gap junctions inflammation lung macrophages polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons tumor necrosis factor (TNF) tumor promotion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/4/572 |
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