The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review
Abstract With the advanced discoveries in the field of pathogenesis, a series of cerebral diseases, such as cerebral ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression, have been found to have multiple signalling targets in the microenvironment. Only a few existing agents have been shown to have cu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Chinese Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00486-3 |
| _version_ | 1818719922459508736 |
|---|---|
| author | Wenwen Zhang Fangling Zhang Qichao Hu Xiaolin Xiao Linbo Ou Yuan Chen Shiqing Luo Yonghong Cheng Yinxiao Jiang Xiao Ma Yanling Zhao |
| author_facet | Wenwen Zhang Fangling Zhang Qichao Hu Xiaolin Xiao Linbo Ou Yuan Chen Shiqing Luo Yonghong Cheng Yinxiao Jiang Xiao Ma Yanling Zhao |
| author_sort | Wenwen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract With the advanced discoveries in the field of pathogenesis, a series of cerebral diseases, such as cerebral ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression, have been found to have multiple signalling targets in the microenvironment. Only a few existing agents have been shown to have curative effects due to this specific circumstance. In recent decades, active ingredients isolated from natural plants have been shown to be crucial for original drug development. Geniposide, mainly extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is representative of these natural products. Geniposide demonstrates various biological activities in the treatment of cerebral, cardiovascular, hepatic, tumorous, and other diseases. The multiple protective effects of geniposide on the brain have especially drawn increasing attention. Thus, this article specifically reviews the characteristics of current models of cerebral ischaemia and illustrates the possible effects of geniposide and its pathogenetic mechanisms on these models. Geniposide has been shown to significantly reduce the area of cerebral infarction and alleviate neuronal damage and necrosis mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signals, including NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Neuronal protection was also involved in activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/catenin pathways. Geniposide was able to increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the function of mTOR in treating Alzheimer's disease. Geniposide has also been shown to act as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist to reduce amyloid plaques and inhibit oxidative stress to alleviate memory impairment as well as synaptic loss. Moreover, geniposide has been shown to exert antidepressant effects primarily by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Detailed explorations have shown that the biological activities of inhibiting inflammatory cytokine secretion, alleviating oxidative stress, and suppressing mitochondrial damage are also involved in the mechanism of action of geniposide. Therefore, geniposide is a promising agent awaiting further exploration for the treatment of cerebral diseases via various phenotypes or signalling pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:14:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f83a5d5355041ed8fbd34f9f17f2baf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-8546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:14:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f83a5d5355041ed8fbd34f9f17f2baf2022-12-21T21:34:08ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462021-08-0116111610.1186/s13020-021-00486-3The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a reviewWenwen Zhang0Fangling Zhang1Qichao Hu2Xiaolin Xiao3Linbo Ou4Yuan Chen5Shiqing Luo6Yonghong Cheng7Yinxiao Jiang8Xiao Ma9Yanling Zhao10State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General HospitalAbstract With the advanced discoveries in the field of pathogenesis, a series of cerebral diseases, such as cerebral ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression, have been found to have multiple signalling targets in the microenvironment. Only a few existing agents have been shown to have curative effects due to this specific circumstance. In recent decades, active ingredients isolated from natural plants have been shown to be crucial for original drug development. Geniposide, mainly extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is representative of these natural products. Geniposide demonstrates various biological activities in the treatment of cerebral, cardiovascular, hepatic, tumorous, and other diseases. The multiple protective effects of geniposide on the brain have especially drawn increasing attention. Thus, this article specifically reviews the characteristics of current models of cerebral ischaemia and illustrates the possible effects of geniposide and its pathogenetic mechanisms on these models. Geniposide has been shown to significantly reduce the area of cerebral infarction and alleviate neuronal damage and necrosis mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signals, including NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Neuronal protection was also involved in activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/catenin pathways. Geniposide was able to increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the function of mTOR in treating Alzheimer's disease. Geniposide has also been shown to act as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist to reduce amyloid plaques and inhibit oxidative stress to alleviate memory impairment as well as synaptic loss. Moreover, geniposide has been shown to exert antidepressant effects primarily by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Detailed explorations have shown that the biological activities of inhibiting inflammatory cytokine secretion, alleviating oxidative stress, and suppressing mitochondrial damage are also involved in the mechanism of action of geniposide. Therefore, geniposide is a promising agent awaiting further exploration for the treatment of cerebral diseases via various phenotypes or signalling pathways.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00486-3GeniposideCerebral ischaemiaAlzheimer’s diseaseDepressionMechanism |
| spellingShingle | Wenwen Zhang Fangling Zhang Qichao Hu Xiaolin Xiao Linbo Ou Yuan Chen Shiqing Luo Yonghong Cheng Yinxiao Jiang Xiao Ma Yanling Zhao The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review Chinese Medicine Geniposide Cerebral ischaemia Alzheimer’s disease Depression Mechanism |
| title | The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review |
| title_full | The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review |
| title_fullStr | The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review |
| title_short | The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review |
| title_sort | emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases a review |
| topic | Geniposide Cerebral ischaemia Alzheimer’s disease Depression Mechanism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00486-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenwenzhang theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT fanglingzhang theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT qichaohu theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT xiaolinxiao theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT linboou theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yuanchen theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT shiqingluo theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yonghongcheng theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yinxiaojiang theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT xiaoma theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yanlingzhao theemergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT wenwenzhang emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT fanglingzhang emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT qichaohu emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT xiaolinxiao emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT linboou emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yuanchen emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT shiqingluo emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yonghongcheng emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yinxiaojiang emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT xiaoma emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview AT yanlingzhao emergingpossibilityoftheuseofgeniposideinthetreatmentofcerebraldiseasesareview |