Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population
Bisphenol A (BPA) is not a natural substance but is produced artificially during the manufacturing of various plastics. Exposure to (BPA) is a pervasive and growing concern. BPA has recently been classified as a substance of great concern by the European Union (EU). BPA is suspected to be associated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3587 |
| _version_ | 1797613716282277888 |
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| author | Myungsil Hwang Seon-Joo Park Hae-Jeung Lee |
| author_facet | Myungsil Hwang Seon-Joo Park Hae-Jeung Lee |
| author_sort | Myungsil Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bisphenol A (BPA) is not a natural substance but is produced artificially during the manufacturing of various plastics. Exposure to (BPA) is a pervasive and growing concern. BPA has recently been classified as a substance of great concern by the European Union (EU). BPA is suspected to be associated with several chronic human health effects. In this study, the estimated total BPA exposure levels were based on biomonitoring of the general population, and exposure levels ranged from a mean of 0.031 to 0.042 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day, reaching up to 0.104 µg/kg bw/day in the high-exposure population. When comparing the exposure levels of BPA to some toxicological effects, such as immunotoxicity and thyroid function, a sufficient exposure margin was not secured in the high-exposure group. Food is considered the main source of exposure for the general population, but other sources of exposure may exist in the high-exposure group. As humans are primarily exposed to BPA through food, water, house dust, skin contact, and air, integrated risk management is required to reduce BPA exposure. In addition, it is considered necessary to develop a new methodology for human health evaluation in response to low-dose exposure to BPA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:58:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f86bc15b68846aab9db282c71ccebee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:58:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f86bc15b68846aab9db282c71ccebee2023-11-17T09:23:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-03-01136358710.3390/app13063587Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General PopulationMyungsil Hwang0Seon-Joo Park1Hae-Jeung Lee2Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaBisphenol A (BPA) is not a natural substance but is produced artificially during the manufacturing of various plastics. Exposure to (BPA) is a pervasive and growing concern. BPA has recently been classified as a substance of great concern by the European Union (EU). BPA is suspected to be associated with several chronic human health effects. In this study, the estimated total BPA exposure levels were based on biomonitoring of the general population, and exposure levels ranged from a mean of 0.031 to 0.042 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day, reaching up to 0.104 µg/kg bw/day in the high-exposure population. When comparing the exposure levels of BPA to some toxicological effects, such as immunotoxicity and thyroid function, a sufficient exposure margin was not secured in the high-exposure group. Food is considered the main source of exposure for the general population, but other sources of exposure may exist in the high-exposure group. As humans are primarily exposed to BPA through food, water, house dust, skin contact, and air, integrated risk management is required to reduce BPA exposure. In addition, it is considered necessary to develop a new methodology for human health evaluation in response to low-dose exposure to BPA.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3587bisphenol Ahealth-based guidance valuemargin of exposureestimated daily intakethyroid hormone |
| spellingShingle | Myungsil Hwang Seon-Joo Park Hae-Jeung Lee Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population Applied Sciences bisphenol A health-based guidance value margin of exposure estimated daily intake thyroid hormone |
| title | Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population |
| title_full | Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population |
| title_fullStr | Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population |
| title_short | Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population |
| title_sort | risk assessment of bisphenol a in the korean general population |
| topic | bisphenol A health-based guidance value margin of exposure estimated daily intake thyroid hormone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3587 |
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