Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility
Outbreaks of human infection linked to the powdered infant formula (PIF) food chain and associated with the bacterium Cronobacter, are of concern to public health. These bacteria are regarded as opportunistic pathogens linked to life-threatening infections predominantly in neonates, with an under d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00256/full |
| _version_ | 1819001541558796288 |
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| author | Qiongqiong eYan Karen A Power Shane eCooney Edward eFox Gopal R. Gopinath Christopher J. Grim Ben D. Tall Matthew P. Mccusker Seamus eFanning |
| author_facet | Qiongqiong eYan Karen A Power Shane eCooney Edward eFox Gopal R. Gopinath Christopher J. Grim Ben D. Tall Matthew P. Mccusker Seamus eFanning |
| author_sort | Qiongqiong eYan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Outbreaks of human infection linked to the powdered infant formula (PIF) food chain and associated with the bacterium Cronobacter, are of concern to public health. These bacteria are regarded as opportunistic pathogens linked to life-threatening infections predominantly in neonates, with an under developed immune system. Monitoring the microbiological ecology of PIF production sites is an important step in attempting to limit the risk of contamination in the finished food product. Cronobacter species, like other microorganisms can adapt to the production environment. These organisms are known for their desiccation tolerance, a phenotype that can aid their survival in the production site and PIF itself. In evaluating the genome data currently available for Cronobacter species, no sequence information has been published describing a Cronobacter sakazakii isolate found to persist in a PIF production facility. Here we report on the complete genome sequence of one such isolate, Cronobacter sakazakii SP291 along with its phenotypic characteristics. The genome of C. sakazakii SP291 consists of a 4.3-Mb chromosome (56.9% GC) and three plasmids, denoted as pSP291-1, [118.1-kb (57.2% GC)], pSP291-2, [52.1-kb (49.2% GC)] and pSP291-3, [4.4 -kb (54.0% GC)]. When C. sakazakii SP291 was compared to the reference C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894, which is also of PIF origin, the annotated genome data identified two interesting functional categories, comprising of genes related to the bacterial stress response and resistance to antimicrobial and toxic compounds. Using a phenotypic microarray (PM), we provided a full metabolic profile comparing C. sakazakii SP291 and the previously sequenced C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894. These data extend our understanding of the genome of this important neonatal pathogen and provides further insights into the genotypes associated with features that can contribute to its persistence in the PIF environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:50:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f964cfcbcde439ca64588c6cb35830e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:50:51Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f964cfcbcde439ca64588c6cb35830e2022-12-21T19:24:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2013-09-01410.3389/fmicb.2013.0025651122Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facilityQiongqiong eYan0Karen A Power1Shane eCooney2Edward eFox3Gopal R. Gopinath4Christopher J. Grim5Ben D. Tall6Matthew P. Mccusker7Seamus eFanning8University College DublinUniversity College DublinUniversity College DublinUniversity College DublinU.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA)U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA)U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA)University College DublinUniversity College DublinOutbreaks of human infection linked to the powdered infant formula (PIF) food chain and associated with the bacterium Cronobacter, are of concern to public health. These bacteria are regarded as opportunistic pathogens linked to life-threatening infections predominantly in neonates, with an under developed immune system. Monitoring the microbiological ecology of PIF production sites is an important step in attempting to limit the risk of contamination in the finished food product. Cronobacter species, like other microorganisms can adapt to the production environment. These organisms are known for their desiccation tolerance, a phenotype that can aid their survival in the production site and PIF itself. In evaluating the genome data currently available for Cronobacter species, no sequence information has been published describing a Cronobacter sakazakii isolate found to persist in a PIF production facility. Here we report on the complete genome sequence of one such isolate, Cronobacter sakazakii SP291 along with its phenotypic characteristics. The genome of C. sakazakii SP291 consists of a 4.3-Mb chromosome (56.9% GC) and three plasmids, denoted as pSP291-1, [118.1-kb (57.2% GC)], pSP291-2, [52.1-kb (49.2% GC)] and pSP291-3, [4.4 -kb (54.0% GC)]. When C. sakazakii SP291 was compared to the reference C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894, which is also of PIF origin, the annotated genome data identified two interesting functional categories, comprising of genes related to the bacterial stress response and resistance to antimicrobial and toxic compounds. Using a phenotypic microarray (PM), we provided a full metabolic profile comparing C. sakazakii SP291 and the previously sequenced C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894. These data extend our understanding of the genome of this important neonatal pathogen and provides further insights into the genotypes associated with features that can contribute to its persistence in the PIF environment.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00256/fullCronobacter sakazakiiPlasmidstress responsecomplete genomeantibiotic resistance and toxic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Qiongqiong eYan Karen A Power Shane eCooney Edward eFox Gopal R. Gopinath Christopher J. Grim Ben D. Tall Matthew P. Mccusker Seamus eFanning Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility Frontiers in Microbiology Cronobacter sakazakii Plasmid stress response complete genome antibiotic resistance and toxic compounds |
| title | Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| title_full | Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| title_fullStr | Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| title_short | Complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii SP291: a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| title_sort | complete genome sequence and phenotype microarray analysis of cronobacter sakazakii sp291 a persistent isolate cultured from a powdered infant formula production facility |
| topic | Cronobacter sakazakii Plasmid stress response complete genome antibiotic resistance and toxic compounds |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00256/full |
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