Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Mulberry leaf protein is a potentially functional food component and health care agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its composition, immunoregulatory effects, and gut microbial regulatory effects are unclear. Herein, ultra-filtrated and gel-fractionated mulberry leaf p...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/14/2034 |
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| author | Yangwei Shan Chongzhen Sun Jishan Li Xin Shao Junfeng Wu Mengmeng Zhang Hong Yao Xiyang Wu |
| author_facet | Yangwei Shan Chongzhen Sun Jishan Li Xin Shao Junfeng Wu Mengmeng Zhang Hong Yao Xiyang Wu |
| author_sort | Yangwei Shan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mulberry leaf protein is a potentially functional food component and health care agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its composition, immunoregulatory effects, and gut microbial regulatory effects are unclear. Herein, ultra-filtrated and gel-fractionated mulberry leaf protein (GUMP) was characterized. Its effects on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice were further investigated. The results indicated that GUMP is a glycoprotein mainly containing glucose, arabinose, and mannose with 9.23% total sugar content. Its secondary structure is mainly β-sheet. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that GUMP closely matched with a 16.7 kDa mannose-binding lectin and a 52.7 kDa Rubisco’s large subunit. GUMP intervention significantly improved serous TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 contents; increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) levels; and reversed splenic damage prominently. Moreover, GUMP administration increased fecal shot-chain fatty acid concentration and up-regulated the relative abundance of <i>Odoribacter</i>, which was positively correlated with SCFAs and cytokine contents. Overall, GUMP alleviated immunosuppression through the integrated modulation of the gut microbiota and immune response. Therefore, GUMP could be a promising dietary supplement to help maintain gut health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:19:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8f9ff74e42d44734a2502af5fbdf4650 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:19:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-8f9ff74e42d44734a2502af5fbdf46502023-12-01T22:08:49ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-07-011114203410.3390/foods11142034Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated MiceYangwei Shan0Chongzhen Sun1Jishan Li2Xin Shao3Junfeng Wu4Mengmeng Zhang5Hong Yao6Xiyang Wu7Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu Road 601, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu Road 601, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaFaculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, BelgiumDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu Road 601, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu Road 601, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaCollege of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaCentre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu Road 601, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaMulberry leaf protein is a potentially functional food component and health care agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its composition, immunoregulatory effects, and gut microbial regulatory effects are unclear. Herein, ultra-filtrated and gel-fractionated mulberry leaf protein (GUMP) was characterized. Its effects on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice were further investigated. The results indicated that GUMP is a glycoprotein mainly containing glucose, arabinose, and mannose with 9.23% total sugar content. Its secondary structure is mainly β-sheet. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that GUMP closely matched with a 16.7 kDa mannose-binding lectin and a 52.7 kDa Rubisco’s large subunit. GUMP intervention significantly improved serous TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 contents; increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) levels; and reversed splenic damage prominently. Moreover, GUMP administration increased fecal shot-chain fatty acid concentration and up-regulated the relative abundance of <i>Odoribacter</i>, which was positively correlated with SCFAs and cytokine contents. Overall, GUMP alleviated immunosuppression through the integrated modulation of the gut microbiota and immune response. Therefore, GUMP could be a promising dietary supplement to help maintain gut health.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/14/2034mulberry leaf proteinstructure analysisimmunosuppressiongut microbiotacorrelation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yangwei Shan Chongzhen Sun Jishan Li Xin Shao Junfeng Wu Mengmeng Zhang Hong Yao Xiyang Wu Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice Foods mulberry leaf protein structure analysis immunosuppression gut microbiota correlation analysis |
| title | Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice |
| title_full | Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice |
| title_short | Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice |
| title_sort | characterization of purified mulberry leaf glycoprotein and its immunoregulatory effect on cyclophosphamide treated mice |
| topic | mulberry leaf protein structure analysis immunosuppression gut microbiota correlation analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/14/2034 |
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